产后不同挤奶时间对初乳品质及不同品质初乳对新生犊牛被动免疫转移的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.026

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 3861-3871.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.026

产后不同挤奶时间对初乳品质及不同品质初乳对新生犊牛被动免疫转移的影响

包小平¹^,²(), 崔俊伟¹^,³, 赵玉龙¹, 郭成¹, 陈明⁴, 毕研亮¹^,*()

1. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室，北京 100081
2. 东营澳亚现代牧场有限公司，东营 257345
3. 宁夏大学动物科技学院，银川 750021
4. 现代牧业(乌兰浩特)有限公司，乌兰浩特 137400

收稿日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-08-23 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 毕研亮 E-mail:xdmybxp@163.com;biyanliang@caas.cn
作者简介:包小平(1980-)，女，内蒙古通辽人，主要从事犊牛饲养、疾病治疗与接产研究，E-mail: xdmybxp@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32222081)；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BBF01006)

Effects of Different Milking Time after Delivery on Colostrum Quality and the Impact of Different Quality Colostrum on Passive Immune Transfer in Newborn Claves

BAO Xiaoping¹^,²(), CUI Junwei¹^,³, ZHAO Yulong¹, GUO Cheng¹, CHEN Ming⁴, BI Yanliang¹^,*()

1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2. Dongying Aoya Modern Pasture Co., Ltd., Dongying 257345, China
3. School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
4. Modern Animal Husbandry (Ulanhot) Co., Ltd., Ulanhot 137400, China

Received:2025-01-10 Online:2025-08-23 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: BI Yanliang E-mail:xdmybxp@163.com;biyanliang@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究不同挤奶时间对初乳品质的影响及不同品质初乳对新生犊牛被动免疫和血清免疫指标的影响。试验选择体况良好、临近分娩的荷斯坦二胎奶牛329头，根据奶牛的分娩时间和挤奶时间的间隔，将奶牛分成4组，分别为分娩后2 h内挤奶、分娩后2~4 h挤奶、分娩后4~8 h挤奶和分娩后8~12 h挤奶，检测分娩后不同挤奶时间对初乳中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量的影响。选择出生日期相近，体重38 kg±2 kg的荷斯坦母犊牛45头，随机分成3组：高IgG组、中IgG组和低IgG组，每组15头母犊牛，均采用4+2饲喂模式(出生后2 h内灌服4 L初乳，出生后6 h灌服2 L初乳)分别饲喂3种不同品质的初乳，初乳IgG含量分别为63.8、37.6和15.6 mg·mL^－1。所有犊牛出生后立即采集血液(0 h)，2 h内灌服初乳，灌服初乳后24和48 h各采血1次，分析血清中的总蛋白(TP)、IgG、白蛋白(ALB)、C3、C4含量。结果表明：1)分娩后2 h内所挤得初乳，初乳中IgG含量极显著高于分娩后2~4 h、4~8 h和8 h以上所挤得初乳(P＜0.01)。2)犊牛出生后在灌服初乳之前，三组犊牛血清TP和IgG含量无明显差异，灌服初乳后24、48 h时，高IgG组犊牛的血清TP、IgG含量极显著高于中IgG组及低IgG组(P＜0.01)。3)高IgG组和中IgG组母犊牛24 h、48 h血清平均IgG含量均大于10 mg·mL^－1(犊牛被动免疫成功的最低IgG含量)，但低IgG组，有5头犊牛在24 h的血清IgG含量达不到10 mg·mL^－1，被动免疫失败的犊牛占本组犊牛数量的33.3%，有4头犊牛在48 h的血清IgG含量达不到10 mg·mL^－1，被动免疫失败的犊牛占本组犊牛总数的26.7%。综上所述，奶牛分娩后挤奶间隔时间越短初乳品质越高，挤奶间隔时间控制在2 h内，初乳中IgG的含量最高；品质较高的初乳有助于新生犊牛被动免疫成功并对血清免疫指标产生有利影响。

关键词: 犊牛, 初乳品质, 被动免疫转移, 血清免疫指标

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different milking time on colostrum quality and the effects of colostrum quality on passive immunity and serum biochemical parameters of newborn calves. According to the time interval between delivery and milking, 329 cows on verge of delivery and at the second parity with good body condition were divided into four groups: Milking within 2 h after delivery, milking 2~4 h after delivery, milking 4~8 h after delivery and milking more than 8~12 h after delivery. The effect of different milking time after delivery on the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in colostrum was determined. Forty-five Holstein female calves (38 ±2 kg) with similar birth date were selected and randomly divided into three groups: High quality colostrum group, medium colostrum group and low quality colostrum group, with 15 calves in each group. Calves were fed with three different quality colostrum using the 4+2 feeding mode (4 L colostrum was given within 2 h after birth and 2 L colostrum was given 6 h after birth). The levels of IgG in colostrum were 63.8, 37.6 and 15.6 mg ·mL^-1, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all calves after birth(0 h), 24 h and 48 h after colostrum feeding (within 2 h after birth), and the contents of total protein (TP), IgG, albumin (ALB), C3 and C4 in serum were analysed. The results showed that: 1) The IgG content of colostrum milked within 2 h after delivery was significantly higher than that of colostrum milked at 2~4 h, 4~8 h and more than 8 h after delivery (P < 0.01). 2) There was no significant difference in serum TP and IgG content among the three groups before colostrum was fed. At 24 h and 48 h after colostrum was fed, the serum TP and IgG content of the high quality colostrum group were significantly higher than those of the medium colostrum group and the low quality colostrum group (P < 0.01). 3) The average serum IgG content at 24 h and 48 h in high quality colostrum group and medium colostrum group were more than 10 mg ·mL^-1 (the minimum IgG content for successful passive immunity of calves). In low quality colostrum group, the serum IgG content of 5 calves was less than 10 mg ·mL^-1 at 24 h, accounting for 33.3% of calves in this group, and the serum IgG content of 4 calves was less than 10 mg ·mL^-1 at 48 h, accounting for 26.7% of calves in this group. In conclusion, the shorter milking interval after delivery, the higher the quality of colostrum, and the highest content of IgG in colostrum was found when the milking interval was controlled within 2 h. High quality colostrum contributes to the successful passive immunity of newborn calves and has beneficial effects on serum biochemical parameters.

Key words: calves, colostrum quality, passive immunity transfer, serum immune indicators

中图分类号:

TS252.1

包小平, 崔俊伟, 赵玉龙, 郭成, 陈明, 毕研亮. 产后不同挤奶时间对初乳品质及不同品质初乳对新生犊牛被动免疫转移的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3861-3871.

BAO Xiaoping, CUI Junwei, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Cheng, CHEN Ming, BI Yanliang. Effects of Different Milking Time after Delivery on Colostrum Quality and the Impact of Different Quality Colostrum on Passive Immune Transfer in Newborn Claves[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3861-3871.

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项目 Item	产后挤奶时间 Post-calving milking intervals				SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	2 h	2~4h	4~8 h	8~12 h	SEM	P值 P-value
初乳IgG Colostrum IgG	97.85^A	78.72^B	62.34^C	48.60^D	1.477	＜0.01

处理组 Treatment	犊牛头数 Number of calves	初乳中IgG的含量/(mg·mL^－1) The content of IgG in colostrum	饲喂初乳量/L Colostrum feeding volume		6 h IgG的摄入量/g 6 h IgG intake
处理组 Treatment	犊牛头数 Number of calves	初乳中IgG的含量/(mg·mL^－1) The content of IgG in colostrum	0 h	6 h	6 h IgG的摄入量/g 6 h IgG intake
高IgG组 High IgG group	15	63.80	4.00	2.00	382.80
中IgG组 Medium IgG group	15	37.60	4.00	2.00	225.60
低IgG组 Low IgG group	15	15.60	4.00	2.00	93.60

项目 Item	时期 Period	处理组Treatment			SEM	P值P-value
项目 Item	时期 Period	高IgG组 High IgG group	中IgG组 Medium IgG group	低IgG组 Low IgG group	SEM	T	W	W×T
TP/(g·dL^－1)	整个试验期	5.92^Aa	5.47^Bb	5.24^Bc	0.016	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
	0 h	4.60	4.57	4.62	0.017	0.95
	24 h	6.65^Aa	5.96^Bb	5.51^Bc	0.015	＜0.01
	48 h	6.52^Aa	5.87^Bb	5.58^Bc	0.021	＜0.01
IgG/(mg·mL^－1)	整个试验期	16.48^A	11.45^B	9.32^C	0.009	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
	0 h	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.002	0.93
	24 h	25.64^A	17.54^B	13.68^C	0.017	＜0.01
	48 h	23.76^Aa	16.74^Bb	14.24^Bc	0.011	＜0.01

项目 Item	处理组Treatment			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	高IgG组 High IgG group	中IgG组 Medium IgG group	低IgG组 Low IgG group	SEM	P值 P-value
吸收率/% Absorption rate	20.57^b	21.08^b	32.57^a	1.270	0.04

项目 Item	时间 Period	处理组Treatment			SEM	P值P-value
项目 Item	时间 Period	高IgG组 High IgG group	中IgG组 Medium IgG group	低IgG组 Low IgG group	SEM	T	W	T×W
ALB/(g·dL^－1)	整个试验期	3.26^A	3.14^B	3.10^C	0.009	＜0.01	0.04	＜0.01
	0 h	3.03	3.02	3.04	0.007	0.93
	24 h	3.24^A	3.15^B	3.09^C	0.014	＜0.01
	48 h	3.51^A	3.24^B	3.17^C	0.012	＜0.01
C3/(g·L^－1)	整个试验期	0.12^A	0.12^A	0.09^B	0.001	＜0.01	0.84	0.23
	0 h	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.001	0.87
	24 h	0.13^A	0.12^A	0.09^B	0.002	＜0.01
	48 h	0.15^A	0.14^A	0.11^B	0.001	＜0.01
C4/(g·L^－1)	整个试验期	0.09^A	0.09^A	0.08^B	0.001	＜0.01	0.75	0.31
	0 h	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.001	0.93
	24 h	0.09^A	0.09^A	0.08^B	0.002	＜0.01
	48 h	0.11^A	0.11^A	0.08^B	0.001	＜0.01

产后不同挤奶时间对初乳品质及不同品质初乳对新生犊牛被动免疫转移的影响

Effects of Different Milking Time after Delivery on Colostrum Quality and the Impact of Different Quality Colostrum on Passive Immune Transfer in Newborn Claves

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