植物精油对哺乳期犊牛血清免疫及生化指标影响的Meta分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在系统评估饲粮中添加植物精油(essential oils, EOs)对哺乳期犊牛血清免疫及生化指标的影响。通过荟萃分析(Meta分析)方法，对截至2024年4月已发表的537篇文献进行筛选，最终纳入17篇文献，涉及样本711例。采用随机效应模型(REM)计算合并统计量，并进行亚组分析、敏感性分析和发表偏倚分析。Meta分析结果显示：饲粮中添加EOs极显著提高了哺乳期犊牛血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)[标准化均数差(SMD)=0.66，95%置信区间(95%CI)：0.23~1.08，P＜0.002]、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)(SMD=0.70，95%CI：0.37~1.02，P＜0.001)以及甘油三酯(TG)的浓度(SMD=0.51，95%CI：0.10~0.92，P=0.01)；显著提高了血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)(SMD=0.49，95%CI：0.03~0.96，P=0.04)和总蛋白(TP)的浓度(SMD=0.45，95%CI：0.03~0.87，P=0.04)，并显著降低了总胆固醇(TC)浓度(SMD=-0.59，95%CI：-1.07~-0.11，P=0.02)。亚组分析通过结合有效性与稳定性比较表明，短期饲喂(≤56 d)EOs的效果优于长期饲喂(>56 d)；通过固体饲料添加EOs的效果优于通过液体饲料添加。敏感性分析和发表偏倚分析表明，研究结果具有稳定性和可靠性。综上所述，本研究采用Meta分析方法为EOs在犊牛生产中的应用奠定了理论基础，表明在饲粮中添加EOs可以有效改善哺乳期犊牛的血清免疫及生化指标。

关键词: 犊牛, 植物精油, Meta分析, 血清免疫指标, 血清生化指标

Abstract:

This study aims to systematically evaluate the effects of adding essential oils (EOs) to the diet on serum immune and biochemical indicators in suckling calves. A Meta-analysis was conducted by screening 537 published studies up until April 2024, with 17 studies involving and a total of 711 samples being included. A random effects model (REM) was used to calculate combined statistical measures, and subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis were also performed. The Meta-analysis results showed that adding EOs to the diet significantly increased the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) (SMD=0.66, 95% CI: 0.23-1.08, P < 0.002), immunoglobulin G (IgG) (SMD=0.70, 95% CI: 0.37-1.02, P < 0.001), and triglycerides (TG) (SMD=0.51, 95% CI: 0.10-0.92, P=0.01) in the serum of suckling calves. EOs also significantly increased the concentrations of immunoglobulin M (IgM) (SMD=0.49, 95% CI: 0.03-0.96, P=0.04) and total protein (TP) (SMD=0.45, 95% CI: 0.03-0.87, P=0.04), and significantly reduced the concentration of total cholesterol (TC) (SMD=-0.59, 95% CI: -1.07 to -0.11, P=0.02). Subgroup analysis, comparing effectiveness and stability, indicated that short-term feeding (≤56 days) of EOs is more effective than long-term feeding (>56 days), and adding EOs via solid feed (SF) is more effective than via liquid feed (LF). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis confirmed the stability and reliability of the results. In conclusion, this study establishes a theoretical foundation for the application of EOs in calf production through Meta-analysis, demonstrating that adding EOs to the diet can effectively improve serum immune and biochemical indicators in suckling calves.

Key words: calves, essential oils, Meta-analysis, serum immune indicators, serum biochemical indicators

中图分类号:

王琳玮, 王靖, 韩赛波, 李涵川, 王盼盼, 郭刚, 蒋林树. 植物精油对哺乳期犊牛血清免疫及生化指标影响的Meta分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3872-3892.

WANG Linwei, WANG Jing, HAN Saibo, LI Hanchuan, WANG Panpan, GUO Gang, JIANG Linshu. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Essential Oils on Serum Immune and Biochemical Indicators in Suckling Calves[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3872-3892.

图/表 8

表 1

图 1

表 2

图 2

表 3

表 4

饲粮中添加植物精油对犊牛血清生化指标影响的Meta分析"

异质性分析 Heterogeneity analysis	项目 Item	数量 N	随机效应模型REM			异质性Heterogeneity
异质性分析 Heterogeneity analysis	项目 Item	数量 N	标准化均数差SMD	95%置信区间95% CI	P值P-value	卡方(Q) Chi-squared	P值P-value	I²/%
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	TP¹⁾	357	0.45	0.03, 0.87	0.04	58.84	＜0.001	80
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	289	0.44	-0.02, 0.89	0.06	48.57	＜0.001	79
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	126	0.86	0.20, 1.52	0.01	23.07	＜0.001	78
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	217	0.19	-0.47, 0.84	0.58	35.03	＜0.001	83
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	140	0.73	0.18, 1.28	0.009	21.10	＜0.001	76
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs²⁾	158	0.36	-0.25, 0.97	0.25	38.11	＜0.001	82
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs³⁾	199	0.50	-0.03, 1.03	0.06	20.54	0.001	76
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	ALB⁴⁾	192	-0.22	-0.46, 0.22	0.07	2.11	0.95	0
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	118	-0.17	-0.47, 0.12	0.25	0.80	0.94	0
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	86	-0.24	-0.24, 0.13	0.21	1.60	0.66	0
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	92	-0.30	-0.70, 0.10	0.15	0.99	0.80	0
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	100	-0.18	-0.48, 0.13	0.26	0.89	0.83	0
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs	88	-0.30	-0.73, 0.12	0.16	6.37	0.17	37
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs	104	-0.25	-0.58, 0.07	0.13	1.58	0.66	0
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	BUN⁵⁾	221	-0.15	-0.58, 0.28	0.49	25.22	0.001	68
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	111	-0.18	-0.63, 0.28	0.44	7.68	0.10	48
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	121	0.03	-0.75, 0.81	0.94	21.41	＜0.001	81
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	142	-0.26	-0.83, 0.31	0.37	15.91	0.007	69
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	79	0.05	-0.75, 0.86	0.90	9.13	0.01	78
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs	100	-0.19	-1.03, 0.64	0.65	32.82	＜0.001	85
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs	121	0.02	-0.55, 0.39	0.95	16.80	0.005	70
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	GLU⁶⁾	330	0.14	-0.26, 0.53	0.49	43.84	＜0.001	75
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	256	0.28	-0.12, 0.68	0.17	25.88	0.001	69
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	85	-0.08	-1.03, 0.87	0.87	17.38	＜0.001	83
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	231	0.31	-0.21, 0.82	0.25	29.45	＜0.001	76
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	99	-0.16	-0.67, 0.36	0.56	7.78	0.05	61
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs	106	0.53	-0.28, 1.33	0.20	21.94	＜0.001	82
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs	224	0.10	-0.41, 0.62	0.70	33.55	＜0.001	79
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	TG⁷⁾	240	0.51	0.10, 0.92	0.01	20.25	0.005	65
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	136	0.57	0.27, 0.87	＜0.001	3.12	0.54	0
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	104	0.41	-0.69, 1.52	0.46	16.78	＜0.001	88
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	152	0.47	-0.25, 1.19	0.20	18.48	0.001	78
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	88	0.57	023, 0.90	＜0.001	1.60	0.45	0
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs	130	0.30	-0.36, 0.96	0.37	30.00	＜0.001	80
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs	110	0.24	-0.38, 0.86	0.45	10.56	0.01	72
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	TC⁸⁾	246	-0.59	-1.07, -0.11	0.02	31.68	＜0.001	75
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	142	0.02	-0.58, 0.63	0.94	19.12	0.002	74
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	110	-1.13	-1.75, -0.51	＜0.001	7.42	0.06	60
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	158	-0.56	-1.21, 0.08	0.09	18.93	0.002	74
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	88	-0.65	-1.53, 0.24	0.15	12.67	0.002	84
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs	130	-1.04	-1.60, -0.48	＜0.001	19.40	0.004	69
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs	116	-0.52	-1.09, 0.05	0.07	11.79	0.02	66
Q检验Cochran′s Q test	BHBA⁹⁾	99	0.47	-0.12, 1.06	0.12	11.24	0.02	64
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	≤56 d	99	0.30	-0.20, 0.80	0.24	8.32	0.08	52
亚组分析-饲喂时长 Subgroup analysis-Feeding duration	>56 d	11	0.43	-0.06, 0.92	0.01	NA	NA	NA
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	LF	88	0.31	-0.32, 0.94	0.33	8.30	0.04	64
亚组分析-添加方式 Subgroup analysis-Method of types	SF	11	1.17	0.25, 2.09	0.01	NA	NA	NA
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	SEOs	38	0.65	-0.64, 1.95	0.32	4.30	0.04	77
亚组分析-添加种类 Subgroup analysis-Method of addition	BEOs	61	0.33	-0.35, 1.01	0.34	5.10	0.08	61

表 4

图 3

表 5

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数据库Databases	检索词Search word	数目Number
Web of Science
#1	TS=(calf OR calves)	210 894
#2	TS=essential oils	159 527
#3	#1 AND #2	339
ScienceDirect
#1	Title, abstract, keywords: calf OR calves	29 449
#2	Title, abstract, keywords: “essential oils”	8 274
#3	#1 AND #2	18
PubMed
#1	(calf [title/abstract]) OR (claves [title/abstract])	71 559
#2	essential oils [title/abstract]	13 703
#3	#1 AND #2	29
Scopus
#1	TITLE-ABS-KEY (calf OR calves)	108 403
#2	TITLE-ABS-KEY (“essential oils”)	84 193
#3	#1 AND #2	122
知网CNKI
#1	犊牛	22 908
#2	精油	15 710
#3	#1 AND #2	15
维普CQVIP
#1	犊牛	9 234
#2	精油	8 198
#3	#1 AND #2	4
万方Wanfang
#1	犊牛	21 297
#2	精油	14 389
#3	#1 AND #2	10

序号 No.	作者 Author	年份 Year	国家 Country	品种 Breed	数量 N	日龄 Days of age	精油种类 Types of essential oils	添加途径 Method of addition	饲粮 Diets	断奶日龄 Weaning ages	持续时间 Duration	结局指标⁵⁾ Outcome indexes
1	Andrés等^[28]	2024	西班牙	荷斯坦牛	16	3	牛至精油	MR¹⁾	MR	70	42	①②③④⑤⑥⑦
2	Kara和Pirci^[29]	2023	土耳其	荷斯坦牛	24	14	鼠尾草精油	WM²⁾	WM+CS	70	56	⑨⑩
3	Nora等^[30]	2024	巴西	荷斯坦牛	16	10	混合物精油	MR	MR+CS	70	60	①②③④⑥⑧
4	Biyik等^[31]	2023	土耳其	荷斯坦牛	40	4	迷迭香精油	MR	MR+CS	56	45	①④⑤⑥⑦⑨
5	Coelho等^[32]	2023	巴西	荷斯坦牛	40	1	桉树薄荷精油	MR	MR+CS	56	28	①④⑦
6	Palhares Campolina等^[33]	2021	巴西	荷斯坦牛	29	4	混合物精油	MR	MR	60	56	③④
7	Asghari等^[34]	2021	伊朗	荷斯坦牛	40	7	混合物精油	WM	WM+CS	42	35	①②③④⑤⑥⑦
8	Ebrahimi等^[35]	2018	伊朗	瑞士褐牛	60	3	百里香/阿育魏实精油	WM	WM+CS	NA	60	①②③④⑤⑥
9	Akbarian-Tefaghi等^[36]	2018	伊朗	荷斯坦牛	22	3	混合物精油	CS³⁾	WM+CS	56	70	③④⑦
10	Seirafy和Sobhanirad^[37]	2017	伊朗	荷斯坦牛	48	3	百里香/牛至精油	WM	WM+CS	NA	63	③⑤⑥
11	Jeshari等^[38]	2016	伊朗	荷斯坦牛	60	3	混合物精油	CS	WM+CS	56	56	①②④⑤⑥
12	Soltan^[39]	2009	埃及	荷斯坦牛	100	14	混合物精油	MR	MR+CS	56	56	①④
13	李娟花^[40]	2021	中国	荷斯坦牛	72	3	混合物精油	CS	WM+CS	NA	28	①②③④⑤⑥
14	柏妍等^[41]	2019	中国	荷斯坦牛	40	3	牛至精油	CS	WM+CS	42	70	①②③④⑤⑥
15	杨云燕^[42]	2019	中国	荷斯坦牛	24	15	肉桂醛	CS	AM⁴⁾+CS	42	78	①②⑧⑨⑩
16	郭竟升^[43]	2018	中国	荷斯坦牛	40	3	牛至精油	CS	WM+CS	42	70	①⑧⑨⑩
17	陈昊等^[44]	2017	中国	荷斯坦牛	40	3	牛至精油	CS	WM+CS	42	70	①⑧⑨⑩

结局指标 Outcome indexes	偏倚检验(截距) Bias test (intercept)
结局指标 Outcome indexes	回归系数Coefficient	标准误Std.err.	t值t-value	P值P-value
免疫球蛋白A浓度IgA concentration	0.564	3.31	0.17	0.880
免疫球蛋白G浓度IgG concentration	1.433	2.59	0.55	0.619
免疫球蛋白M浓度IgM concentration	-9.341	1.36	-6.87	0.021
总蛋白浓度Total protein concentration	-0.253	2.90	-0.09	0.932
白蛋白浓度Albumin concentration	-1.650	0.66	-2.50	0.046
血清尿素氮浓度BUN concentration	2.271	2.80	0.81	0.444
葡萄糖浓度Glucose concentration	-4.707	2.32	-2.03	0.070
甘油三酯浓度Triglycerides concentration	-0.488	3.81	-0.13	0.902
总胆固醇浓度Total cholesterol concentration	-1.985	2.99	-0.66	0.528
β-羟基丁酸浓度BHBA concentration	3.016	5.15	0.59	0.599

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