我国主要流行的4种血清型禽腺病毒-I群感染SPF鸡的致病性比较研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在对我国流行的4种血清型(4、8a、8b和11型)禽腺病毒-I群(fowl adenovirus, FAdVs)对鸡胚和鸡的致病性进行研究，选取12日龄SPF鸡胚和10日龄SPF鸡感染4种血清型FAdVs，对SPF鸡胚和鸡的死亡率及鸡胚胚体质量进行统计；对感染鸡的大体剖检变化、组织学变化进行观察和病毒载量进行研究。结果显示，FAdV-8b和FAdV-11感染SPF鸡胚后其死亡率高于45%，FAdV-8a感染后胚体质量降低最严重，FAdV-4感染后对胚体质量影响最小；FAdV-4感染SPF鸡死亡率高达53.3%，其他组鸡无死亡；除肝出现肿胀、变性、出血和炎性细胞浸润外，4种病毒感染SPF鸡后分别造成不同组织器官的严重损伤，FAdV-4感染出现心包积液、FAdV-8a感染肌胃出现糜烂、FAdV-8b感染导致腺胃肿胀和FAdV-11感染导致胰腺坏死，各损伤组织均出现实质细胞坏死和炎性细胞浸润；4种病毒感染SPF鸡均出现免疫器官的组织学损伤，其中，FAdV-8a、-8b 和-11感染鸡引起的免疫器官内淋巴细胞缺失和损伤较FAdV-4更为严重；组织病毒载量结果显示，FAdV-4感染鸡心和肾病毒载量最高，FAdV-8b和FAdV-11感染鸡胰腺病毒载量高于FAdV-4感染组，且FAdV-4感染鸡心、肝和肾病毒载量在感染后第5天高于第3、7天，除FAdV-8a感染组外，病毒载量与各组织损伤情况相一致。综上表明，4种血清型FAdVs中，FAdV-11对SPF鸡胚的致死性最强，FAdVs对SPF鸡的致死率最高，尽管FAdV-8a、-8b 和-11不致死SPF鸡，但对SPF鸡胚、SPF鸡的消化系统和免疫系统损伤较为严重，这将会造成鸡胚孵化率降低、鸡生长发育缓慢和易于继发其他病原感染。

关键词: 禽腺病毒-I群, 致病性, 血清型, SPF鸡, 鸡胚

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of four serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4, -8a, -8b and -11) that popular in China in chicken embryos and SPF chickens. Here, 12-day-old SPF chicken embryos, 10-day-old SPF chickens were infected with FAdV-4, -8a, -8b and -11 strains, respectively, the mortality of them were calculated, and body weight of embryo were measured, then gross lesions, histopathological examination and viral load in the tissues of chicken were tested. The results showed that embryo mortality was more than 45% for FAdV-8b and -11, and embryo weight loss was the greatest for FAdV-8a and smallest for FAdV-4. Chicken mortality was only present with FAdV-4 infections (53.3%) and no chicken was dead in other groups infected with FAdV-8a, -8b and -11. Besides lesions in the liver, hydropericardium, gizzard erosions, proventricular swelling and pancreatic necrosis were characteristic of chickens infected with FAdV-4, -8a, -8b and -11, respectively, and characterized by cell necrosis in parenchymal tissues accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. All immune organs in infected chickens possessed lesions. Compared with lesions caused by infection with FAdV-4, serious lesions were observed in chicken infected with FAdV-8a, -8b and -11. The results showed that viral loads in pancreas of chicken infected with FAdV-8b and -11 were higher than that infected with FAdV-4, and the viral loads in heart, liver and kidney of chicken infected with FAdV-4 at 5 days post infection were higher than those at 3 and 7 days post infection, and the viral load in the organs were consistent with the degree of damage in all the chickens infected, except the chicken infected with FAdV-8a. Here, we describe for the first time that the pathogenicity of these four serotypes FAdVs in embryos do not represent their pathogenicity to chickens. More attention also should be paid to FAdV-8a, -8b and -11 infections due to their severe lesions in the embryos that of the result of vertical transmission, and in the organs of the digestive and immune system that does not result in direct mortality but retard to growth and prone to secondary infection with other pathogens.

Key words: fowl adenovirus, pathogenicity, serotype, SPF chicken, embryos

中图分类号:

王建琳, 江之瑶, 栾庆东, 尹燕博. 我国主要流行的4种血清型禽腺病毒-I群感染SPF鸡的致病性比较研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(5): 1598-1607.

WANG Jianlin, JIANG Zhiyao, LUAN Qingdong, YIN Yanbo. Comparative Pathological Analysis of SPF Chicken Host Infected with Serotype 4, 8a, 8b and 11 Fowl Adenovirus Popular in China[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(5): 1598-1607.

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