猫细小病毒的遗传演化及分离毒株的致病性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.09.026

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (9): 3121-3131.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.09.026

猫细小病毒的遗传演化及分离毒株的致病性分析

程宝钰, 李子荷, 崔燕蕾, 李嘉慧, 杨鑫玮, 于永乐, 杨海燕, 单虎*, 张传美*

青岛农业大学动物医学院, 青岛 266109

收稿日期:2021-12-07 出版日期:2022-09-23 发布日期:2022-09-23
通讯作者: 张传美,主要从事动物传染病学研究,E-mail:zhangchuanmei100@163.com;单虎,主要从事动物传染病学研究,E-mail:shanhu67@163.com
作者简介:程宝钰(1998-),女,山东兰陵人,硕士生,主要从事宠物传染病研究,E-mail:chengbaoyu7@163.com;李子荷(1994-),女,河南陕县人,硕士生,主要从事宠物传染病研究,E-mail:1105684117@qq.com。
基金资助:
2021年山东省专业学位研究生教学案例库（SDYAL21174）；青岛农业大学2020年专业学位研究生教学案例库建设项目（QNYAL2002）

Genetic Evolution of Feline Parvovirus and Pathogenicity of an Isolated Strains

CHENG Baoyu, LI Zihe, CUI Yanlei, LI Jiahui, YANG Xinwei, YU Yongle, YANG Haiyan, SHAN Hu*, ZHANG Chuanmei*

College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

Received:2021-12-07 Online:2022-09-23 Published:2022-09-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在了解猫细小病毒（feline parvovirus，FPV）流行株的遗传演化情况及分离毒株的致病性。2018—2020年，在山东地区采集54份疑似猫瘟粪便拭子，并通过PCR和VP2基因克隆进行VP2基因全长测序，构建遗传进化树，并推导出氨基酸序列并与疫苗株进行比对，分析遗传变异情况。用F81细胞分离培养1株FPV毒株，命名为FPV-QDC20，经电镜观察、间接免疫荧光、血凝试验、TCID₅₀测定、全基因测序及动物回归试验研究该毒株生物学特性。结果表明，采集样品中16份样品VP2基因全长测序成功，其中，15份为FPV，1份为猫源犬细小病毒（CPV）。构建系统进化树显示，本研究的FPV毒株均处于同一大分支，与中国其他地区已发表的FPV毒株亲缘关系较近，与欧洲分离株以及疫苗株亲缘关系较远。氨基酸序列分析表明，某些关键位点的改变可能导致宿主范围和感染性的改变，有可能导致免疫失败情况发生。毒株QDBL2毒株中出现了80、93、103三个FPV保守位点的变异，或许与犬猫细小病毒的共感染和重组有关。动物回归试验表明，毒株FPV-QDC20有较强致病性，试验猫出现典型的临床症状和病理变化，并最终死亡。本研究有助了解我国FPV毒株遗传演化方向，为将来的疫病监控和疫苗研究提供参考。

关键词: 猫细小病毒, VP2基因, 遗传演化, 致病性

Abstract: This work aimed at investigating the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of feline parvovirus (FPV). From 2018 to 2020, 54 fecal samples suspected of cat distemper were collected in Shandong province, and the VP2 gene was sequenced by PCR and VP2 gene cloning. In order to analyze the genetic variation, the phylogenetic tree was constructed and the amino acid sequence was deduced and compared with the vaccine strain. A strain named FPV-QDC20 was isolated and cultured on F81 cells. Its characteristics were studied by electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence, hemagglutination assay, TCID₅₀, complete gene sequencing and animal challenge test. VP2 gene of 16 samples was sequenced successfully, of which 15 were FPV and 1 was canine parvovirus (CPV) from cat. Phylogenetic tree construction showed that the strain in this study was in the same branch, and was closely related to the published strains in other regions of China, but far related to the European strain and the vaccine strain. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that mutations in some key sites may change host range and infectivity, which may lead to immune failure. Interestingly, the variation of conserved loci 80, 93 and 103 appeared in the QDBL2 strain, which may be related to coinfection and gene recombination of canine and feline parvovirus. The animal challenge test showed that the FPV-QDC20 strain was highly pathogenic, and the cats showed typical clinical symptoms and pathological changes, and finally died. In this study, the genetic evolution of FPV strains in China was investigated to provide reference for future disease control and vaccine research.

Key words: feline parvovirus, VP2 gene, genetic evolution, pathogenicity

中图分类号:

S852.659.2

程宝钰, 李子荷, 崔燕蕾, 李嘉慧, 杨鑫玮, 于永乐, 杨海燕, 单虎, 张传美. 猫细小病毒的遗传演化及分离毒株的致病性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(9): 3121-3131.

CHENG Baoyu, LI Zihe, CUI Yanlei, LI Jiahui, YANG Xinwei, YU Yongle, YANG Haiyan, SHAN Hu, ZHANG Chuanmei. Genetic Evolution of Feline Parvovirus and Pathogenicity of an Isolated Strains[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 3121-3131.

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猫细小病毒的遗传演化及分离毒株的致病性分析

Genetic Evolution of Feline Parvovirus and Pathogenicity of an Isolated Strains

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