沙门菌分子检测方法的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙门菌是肠杆菌科中最常见的人畜共患病原菌，由该菌引起的食物中毒是细菌性食物中毒比例最高、危害最广的一种，具有重要的公共卫生学意义。沙门菌分类较为复杂，按生物分类学可分为肠道沙门菌和邦戈尔沙门菌2个种，其中肠道沙门菌种又分为6个亚种，按表面抗原的差异可分为46个血清群和2 600多种血清型，部分血清型还可进一步分为不同生物型，上述分类或分型对于流行病学与病原学研究具有重要意义。传统检测分型方法存在费时耗力、灵敏度低等诸多缺陷，不能及时准确地控制病原的流行。随着沙门菌基因组数据的不断完善，越来越多的核酸检测靶点被发掘，以PCR为代表的分子检测方法不仅可开展沙门菌快速检测，还可以进行血清型鉴定，且特异性强、灵敏度高，简单迅速。检测靶点的特异性是决定结果准确的关键因素，自1992年首次报道以invA为靶点建立沙门菌PCR检测方法以来，关于沙门菌分子检测方法的研究报道日益增多，目前已逐步应用于沙门菌的快速检测与分型中。本文介绍了国内外沙门菌分子检测方法的研究进展，并从沙门菌属、种、血清群、血清型等不同层面进行梳理总结，以期为沙门菌分子检测方法的推广应用提供参考依据。

关键词: 沙门菌, 血清型, 分子检测技术, 检测靶点

Abstract: Salmonella is the most common zoonosis pathogen in Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella food poisoning is one of the highest proportions and the most harmful bacterial food poisoning, which has important public health significance. The classification of Salmonella is relatively complex with 2 species (Salmonella enterica is divided into 6 subspecies) according to the biological taxonomy, 46 serogroups and more than 2600 serovars according to the difference of surface antigens (some serovars can be further divided into different biovars). The above classification or typing is of great significance for epidemiological and aetiological research. Traditional detection and serotyping have many defects, such as time-consuming, labor-intensive and low sensitivity, which cannot control the epidemic timely and accurately. With the continuous improvement of Salmonella genomic data, more and more nucleic acid targets have been discovered. The molecular detection technology represented by PCR can not only detect Salmonella, but also identify different serovars, with strong specificity, high sensitivity, simple and fast. The specificity of detection target is the key factor for the accuracy of results. Since 1992, when it was first reported that PCR detection method for Salmonella was established with invA as the target, the reports on molecular detection technology of Salmonella are increased, and it has been gradually applied to the rapid detection and typing of Salmonella. This paper introduces the research progress on molecular detection of Salmonella in detail, and summarizes the application from different levels of Salmonella spp., species, serogroup and serovar, in order to provide reference for the promotion and application of molecular detection of Salmonella.

Key words: Salmonella, serovar, molecular detection technology, detection target

中图分类号:

R378.22

张萍, 庄林林, 张笛, 董永毅, 盛中伟, 王成明, 徐步, 窦新红, 龚建森. 沙门菌分子检测方法的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(8): 3217-3229.

ZHANG Ping, ZHUANG Linlin, ZHANG Di, DONG Yongyi, SHENG Zhongwei, WANG Chengming, XU Bu, DOU Xinhong, GONG Jiansen. Research Progress on Molecular Detection Methods of Salmonella[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(8): 3217-3229.

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