狂犬病病毒的起源、传播及遗传演化

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Rabies is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the viruses of the genus Lyssavirus in the family Rhabdoviridae. According to the latest 10th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the Lyssavirus is currently divided into 17 species. Serotype Ⅰ rabies virus (RABV), a member of the Lyssavirus family, is the most common cause of rabies. As sequencing technologies advance, more and more whole genomes of the Lyssaviruses are being sequenced, providing a deeper molecular-level understanding of the epidemiology and natural evolution of the virus. This review aims to summarize the distribution, transmission, origin and phylogeny of lyssaviruses, providing a theoretical reference for tracing the origin of lyssaviruses, mastering their transmission and genetic evolution, and formulating scientific strategies for rabies prevention and control.

Key words: Lyssavirus, rabies virus, evolution, origin, phylogroup

CLC Number:

S855.3

ZHENG Yanhong, WU Ziqi, LIU Yuru, LUO Jun, GUO Xiaofeng, LUO Yongwen. Origin, Transmission and Genetic Evolution of Lyssavirus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2613-2625.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Table 1

Distribution and host of lyssaviruses"

病毒种类 Virus species	分组 Groups		分布地区 Distribution	储存及溢出宿主 Reservoir and spillover hosts
遗传谱系Ⅰ Phylogroup Ⅰ
Rabies lyssavirus(RABV)	犬相关	世界流行组	除澳大利亚、南极洲和若干岛屿外，各个洲都有发现	犬、狼、鼬、狸猫、狐狸、羊、鹿、鼠、棕熊、人等
		斯里兰卡组	斯里兰卡	麝香猫、人
		亚洲组	中国、泰国等	犬、猪、牛、鼬、狸猫、狼、驴、人等
	蝙蝠相关	/	美洲国家：美国、加拿大、墨西哥、巴西、阿根廷、圭那亚等	主要是翼手目, 包括几种食虫、吸血和食果蝙蝠，此外还有浣熊、臭鼬、狐狸、犬、人等
Duvenhage lyssavirus(DUVV)			非洲国家、荷兰	长翼蝠、凹脸蝠和人
European bat lyssavirus 1(EBLV-1)			欧洲国家	大棕蝠、人等
European bat lyssavirus 2(EBLV-2)			欧洲国家	鼠耳蝠和人
Australian bat lyssavirus(ABLV)			澳大利亚	狐蝠、人、马等
Aravan lyssavirus(ARAV)			吉尔吉斯斯坦	小鼠耳蝠
Bokeloh bat lyssavirus(BBLV)			法国、德国、波兰	纳氏鼠耳蝠、普通伏翼
Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus(GBLV)			斯里兰卡	狐蝠(印度飞狐)
Irkut lyssavirus(IRKV)			俄罗斯、中国	白腹管鼻蝠、人
Khujand lyssavirus(KHUV)			塔吉克斯坦	胡须蝙蝠
Taiwan bat lyssavirus(TWBLV)			中国台湾	日本伏翼
遗传谱系Ⅱ Phylogroup Ⅱ
Lagos bat lyssavirus(LBV)			非洲国家：肯尼亚、塞内加尔、尼日利亚等	黄毛果蝠、埃及果蝠
Mokola lyssavirus(MOKV)			非洲国家：津巴布韦、中非共和国、南非等	鼩鼱、家猫、人
Shimoni bat lyssavirus(SHIBV)			肯尼亚	叶鼻蝠
遗传谱系Ⅲ(待定) Phylogroup Ⅲ (undetermined)
Lleida bat lyssavirus(LLEBV)			西班牙、法国	普通弯翅蝙蝠、长翼蝙蝠
Ikoma lyssavirus(IKOV)			坦桑尼亚(东非)	非洲灵猫
West Caucasian bat virus(WCBV)			俄罗斯、肯尼亚	普通弯翅蝙蝠、猫

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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Origin, Transmission and Genetic Evolution of Lyssavirus

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