犬埃里希体的全球流行现状和风险因素分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Ehrlichia canis is a tick-borne pathogen transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., primarily parasitizing the host's blood cells. It poses a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide, and has considerable zoonotic importance. Several studies have found that the transmission and distribution of Ehrlichia canis is closely related to a variety of factors, including vector abundance, natural environment, age, usage, and health status of dogs. This paper provides a comprehensive review, covering the etiology, clinical manifestations, global epidemiological characteristics, and risk factors affecting the transmission and distribution of Ehrlichia canis. Its objective is to offer new perspectives and strategies for ehrlichiosis prevention and control.

Key words: tick-borne diseases, zoonoses, Ehrlichia canis, risk factors

CLC Number:

S852.64

KANG Shenchen, ZHAO Yuanjie, CHEN Yu, LIU Mengmeng. Analysis of the Current Status of the Global Epidemic and Risk Factors for Ehrlichia canis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2626-2638.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Worldwide prevalence of E. canis in dogs"

国家或地区 Nation or district	检测对象 Objects	采样时间 Sample date	检测方法 Methods	流行情况/% Prevalence	参考文献 Reference
巴基斯坦	家养犬	2014.6—2014.12	PCR	28.0 (42/151)	[35]
印度	有临床症状的犬	—	ELISA	57.5 (293/510)	[36]
			PCR	8.8 (45/510)
	有临床症状的犬	—	ELISA	86.9 (73/84)	[37]
	家养犬	—	PCR	50.0 (49/98)	[38]
	有流浪史的犬/家养犬	2017.7—2018.6	血涂片	5.3 (28/525)	[39]
埃及	家养犬	2018—2019	PCR	9.7 (39/400)	[40]
	家养犬	2018—2019	ELISA	11.2 (56/500)	[41]
土耳其	家养犬	—	ELISA	1.0 (1/100)	[42]
	有流浪史的犬	2010—2012	PCR	6.0 (10/167)	[43]
	有流浪史的犬	2019	PCR	20.4 (79/387)	[44]
中国新疆	家养犬	2016.3—2019.3	PCR	12.1 (36/297)	[45]
中国温州	家养犬	2017—2018	ELISA	1.3 (4/309)	[46]
中国台湾	家养犬	2010.3—2010.10	ELISA	9.9 (34/344)	[47]
中国香港	有临床症状的犬	2018.3—2021.5	PCR	7.4 (112/1 508)	[48]
韩国	工作犬	1996/2002/2007	IFA	22.5 (41/182)	[49]
			PCR	0 (0/182)
	家养犬	2012.1—2016.12	PCR	0 (0/532)	[50]
	家养犬/有流浪史的犬/工作犬	2017—2018	ELISA或IFA	10.3 (228/2 215)	[51]
	家养犬	2019.4—2020.12	ELISA	1.4 (6/430)	[52]
泰国	家养犬	2020.6—2020.12	PCR	32.5 (41/126)	[53]
	有流浪史的犬	2022.10—2023.3	PCR	39.2 (47/120)	[54]
柬埔寨	家养犬	—	PCR	21.8 (22/101)	[55]
马来西亚	有流浪史的犬	2013.3—2014.6	PCR	47.1 (49/104)	[32]
			ELISA	56.7 (59/104)
巴西	家养犬	—	ELISA	40.1 (170/424)	[56]
	家养犬	2001.7—2002.10	IFA	31.2 (98/314)	[57]
	家养犬	2003.3—2003.4	PCR	15.0 (34/226)	[58]
	家养犬	2016.4—2017.9	PCR	42.5 (157/369)	[59]
越南	家养犬	2020.1—2021.9	ELISA	37.9 (354/935)	[60]
			血涂片	21.7 (203/935)
	家养犬	2021.6—2022.10	PCR	0 (0/341)	[61]
意大利	家养犬	2008.2	ELISA	46.0 (114/249)	[62]
	工作犬	2014.4—2017.9	PCR	2.2 (32/1 433)	[34]
	工作犬	2015.3—2015.10	ELISA	7.6 (102/1 335)	[63]
	有流浪史的犬	2016.1—2019.9	ELISA	16.0 (164/1 023)	[64]
哥伦比亚	家养犬	—	PCR	15.3 (26/170)	[65]
	有临床症状的犬	2013.2—2015.1	PCR	18.0 (53/300)	[66]
	家养犬	2017.8—2017.11	ELISA	66.0 (75/114)	[67]
墨西哥	有临床症状的犬	2014—2017	ELISA	26.6 (156/586)	[68]
	家养犬	2016.6—2017.3	PCR	29.3 (72/246)	[69]
斯里兰卡	家养犬	2020.4—2021.3	PCR	4.5 (19/423)	[70]
巴拉圭	家养犬	2015.8—2016.3	PCR	10.4 (40/384)	[71]
美国	家养犬	2009—2010	ELISA	0.8 (71/8 662)	[6]
	—	2013.1—2019.12	ELISA	2.9 (908 619/31 200 847)	[72]
	有流浪史的犬	2016—2020	ELISA	8.0 (299/3 750)	[73]
哥斯达黎加	家养犬	2011—2012	ELISA/IFA	32.1 (131/408)	[20]
巴勒斯坦	家养犬	2015.1—2015.4	PCR	1.5 (2/135)	[74]
约旦	工作犬/有流浪史的犬	—	ELISA	0 (0/161)	[75]
阿尔巴尼亚	家养犬	2008.9	IFA	50.0 (15/30)	[76]
格鲁吉亚	家养犬/有流浪史的犬	—	ELISA	24.0 (115/480)	[77]
印度尼西亚	有临床症状的犬	2019	ELISA	58.7 (64/109)	[31]
		2019	PCR	15.6 (10/64)
波黑	有流浪史的犬	2017	ELISA	0.2 (2/903)	[78]
			PCR	0 (0/903)
伊拉克	家养犬	2019.4—2019.9	PCR/血涂片	3.5 (7/200)	[79]
	有流浪史的犬	2019.4—2019.10	ELISA	10.2 (9/88)	[80]
秘鲁	—	2001.2—2001.5	ELISA	16.5 (22/133)	[81]
	家养犬	2009.12—2010.12	PCR	13.7 (28/205)	[82]
澳大利亚	家养犬	1997.5—1999.8	IFA	2.2 (7/316)	[83]
葡萄牙	有临床症状的犬	2004.2—2004.10	PCR	22.0 (12/55)	[33]
	PCR检测呈阳性的犬		IFA	41.6 (5/12)

Table 1

Fig. 1

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Analysis of the Current Status of the Global Epidemic and Risk Factors for Ehrlichia canis

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