Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 430-441.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.039

• Basic Veterinary Medicine • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Inhibition of Epicatechin Gallate on Inflammation and Pyroptosis as Well as NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome in MAC-T Cells and Mouse Mammary Glands

WANG Haolei1(), LIU Mengyan1(), LONG Quan1, LI Manman1, LÜ Xiang1, LIN Tao1,2,*(), JIANG Caode1,*()   

  1. 1. Chongqing University Herbivore Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    2. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Bamboo Disease Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
  • Received:2024-01-24 Online:2025-01-23 Published:2025-01-18
  • Contact: LIN Tao, JIANG Caode E-mail:yipianche@qq.com;798163059@qq.com;727826660@qq.com;jcdpjx@swu.edu.cn

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of epicatecin gallate (ECG) on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to treat bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T) and mouse mammary glands. The treatment concentration of ECG in MAC-T cell was screened by the CCK-8 method. The expression levels of proinflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators and pyroptosis indicators were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI were used to detect the inflammatory changes in mouse mammary tissues and cell membrane rupture. The expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), caspase-1 and Gasdermin NH3 end (GSDMD-N) were detected by Western blot. Nuclear transfer of p65 was detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that: 1) ECG at 10, 20 and 40 mg·kg-1 could reduce LPS-induced inflammatory changes and inflammatory cell infiltration; 2) ECG significantly and dose-dependent decreased LPS-induced levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and oxidative indicators (COX-2, iNOS) in both in vivo and in vitro systems (P < 0.05); 3) ECG dose-dependently reduced of LPS-induced cell death and the levels of ROS, IL-18 and LDH (P < 0.05); 4) ECG significantly inhibited the levels of NLRP3, ASC, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation levels of p65 (P < 0.05). The results indicate that ECG inhibits MAC-T cell and mouse mammary gland inflammation and pyroptosis as well as the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. This study provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis.

Key words: epicatechin gallate, NF-κB, bovine mastitis, NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis

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