三七茎叶提取物对脂多糖攻毒下仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数及肠道健康的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.047

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the extraction method of saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng （PN） and investigate its effects on the growth performance， diarrhea index and intestinal health of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Single-factor experiments were conducted and ultrasonic extraction method was used to optimize the extraction conditions of total saponins from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves， such as ultrasonic time， liquid-to-solid ratio， and ethanol volume fraction. The experiment selected 24 “Duroc × Landrace × Large White” piglets with an initial body weight of （7.13±0.74） kg. The piglets were randomly divided into a control group （basic diet）， an LPS group （basic diet）， a DEX （dexamethasone） + LPS group （basic diet） and a PN + LPS group （basic diet + 0.4% Panax notoginseng stem and leaf extract）， with six piglets in each group. On the 28th day of the experiment， serum， colon tissue and colon chyme samples were collected from piglets to test serum biochemical and colon inflammation-related indicators， the composition of colon microbiota were analyzed and colon tissue morphology were observed. The results showed as follows： 1） The extraction yield of total saponins was the highest at solid-liquid ratio of 1∶25（g∶mL）， ultrasonic time of 1.5 h and ethanol volume fraction of 60%. 2） Compared with the LPS group， the feed intake of piglets in PN treatment was significantly increased （P<0.05）， and the diarrhea index was decreased （P=0.06）. 3） Supplementation of PN can effectively improve the morphology of colon tissue induced by LPS and prevent mucosal injury； 4） PN pre-feeding reduced the abundance of Prevotella_9 in the colon of piglets challenged with LPS （P<0.05）. 5） PN treatment could promote the expression of IL-4 at mRNA level （P<0.05） and reduce the expression of TNF-α at mRNA level （P<0.05）. In summary， add 0.4% PN in dietary can improve the growth performance of piglets， alleviate the damage of intestinal morphology caused by LPS， regulate intestinal microorganisms and alleviate intestinal inflammation， thereby improving the diarrhea of piglets.

Key words: stem and leaf extract of Panax notoginseng, diarrhea in piglets, growth performance, intestinal morphology, microorganisms, inflammation

CLC Number:

S828.5

ZHAO Lin, WU Kunfu, CHE Siyan, LU Yu, WANG Zi, WU Miaomiao. Effects of Panax notoginseng Stem and Leaf Extract on Growth Performance， Diarrhea Index and Intestinal Health of LPS-Challenged Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 540-552.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

References 38

[1]	伍昊文，李嘉诚，李毅臻，等.三七总皂苷联合沙棘多糖对小鼠降血脂和保肝作用的研究［J］.华夏医学，2023，36（3）：37-40.
	WU H W，LI J C，LI Y Z，et al.Study of Panax notoginseng saponins combined with seabuckthorn polysaccharide on blood lipid and hepatoprotective effect in mice［J］.Acta Medicinae Sinica，2023，36（3）：37-40.（in Chinese）
[2]	余慧芳，肖海燕，谢皓辰，等.三七茎叶总皂苷促血管新生抗缺血性脑卒中的作用机制［J］.中草药，2024，55（14）：4735-4746.
	YU H F，XIAO H Y，XIE H C，et al.Mechanism of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng on promoting angiogenesis and preventing ischemic stroke［J］.Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs，2024，55（14）：4735-4746.（in Chinese）
[3]	刘耀晨，张铁军，郭海彪，等.三七的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析［J］.中草药，2021，52（9）：2733-2745.
	LIU Y C，ZHANG T J，GUO H B，et al.Research progress on notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and predictive analysis on its Q-Marker［J］.Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs，2021，52（9）：2733-2745.（in Chinese）
[4]	李秋雨，边丽华，王晓玫，等.不同商品规格三七止血功效的谱效关系研究［J］.中国中药杂志，2021，46（16）：4157-4166.
	LI Q Y，BIAN L H，WANG X M，et al.Spectrum-effect relationship of hemostatic effects of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma with different commodity specifications［J］.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica，2021，46（16）：4157-4166.（in Chinese）
[5]	查雨锋，詹易，李婷，等.三七不同部位提取物体外抗氧化功效研究［J］.中医学报，2022，37（1）：142-148.
	ZHA Y F，ZHAN Y，LI T，et al.Study on antioxidant effect of extracts from different parts of Sanqi（Radix notoginseng） in vitro ［J］.Acta Chinese Medicine，2022，37（1）：142-148.（in Chinese）
[6]	LIU J C，WU Y H，MA W R，et al.Anti-inflammatory activity of Panax notoginseng flower saponins quantified using LC/MS/MS［J］.Molecules，2023，28（5）：2416.
[7]	HU Y，FAN Q，QIAO B，et al.Alleviatory role of Panax notoginseng saponins in modulating inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease：mechanisms and implications［J］.COPD，2024，21（1）：2329282.
[8]	MEN S Y，HUO Q L，SHI L，et al.Panax notoginseng saponins promotes cutaneous wound healing and suppresses scar formation in mice［J］.J Cosmet Dermatol，2020，19（2）：529-534.
[9]	SHIN N R，BOSE S，CHOI Y，et al.Anti-obesity effect of fermented Panax notoginseng is mediated via modulation of appetite and gut microbial population［J］.Front Pharmacol，2021，12：665881.
[10]	HUAN C C，ZHOU Z Y，YAO J T，et al.The antiviral effect of Panax notoginseng polysaccharides by inhibiting PRV adsorption and replication in vitro ［J］.Molecules，2022，27（4）：1254.
[11]	黄朝蓉，杨兆祥.三七茎叶中皂苷成分及药理作用研究进展［J］.中国民族民间医药，2022，31（23）：51-58，82.
	HUANG C R，YANG Z X.Advances in studies on constituents and pharmacological effects of saponins in stem leaves of Panax notoginseng［J］.Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy，2022，31（23）：51-58，82.（in Chinese）
[12]	朱秀丽，皇甫磊落，陈日平.超声技术在中草药提取中的应用［J］.西安文理学院学报（自然科学版），2007（2）：33-36.
	ZHU X L，HUANGFU L L，CHEN R P.Application of ultrasonic technology in the extraction of Chinese herbal medicine［J］.Journal of Xi’an University（Natural Science Edition），2007（2）：33-36.（in Chinese）
[13]	SASAKI Y，HAYASHI Y，MURANO S，et al.Quantitative relationship between the number of cross-fostering piglets and subsequent productivity of sows on commercial swine farms［J］.Anim Sci J，2022，93（1）：e13752.
[14]	TAO S Y，ZOU H C，LI J J，et al.Landscapes of enteric virome signatures in early-weaned piglets［J］.Microbiol Spectr，2022，10（4）：e0169822.
[15]	王振勇，王丹，王云凌，等.新型教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及粪便微生物的影响［J］.饲料工业，2019，40（16）：17-21.
	WANG Z Y，WANG D，WANG Y L，et al.Effects of a new creep feed on growth performance，serum biochemical index and fecal microorganism in weaning piglets ［J］.Feed Industry，2019，40（16）：17-21.（in Chinese）
[16]	IPEMA A F，GERRITS W J J，BOKKERS E A M，et al.Assessing the effectiveness of providing live black soldier fly larvae （Hermetia illucens） to ease the weaning transition of piglets［J］.Front Vet Sci，2022，9：838018.
[17]	BIN P，TANG Z Y，LIU S J，et al.Intestinal microbiota mediates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in piglets［J］.BMC Vet Res，2018，14：385.
[18]	GUEST R L，RUTHERFORD S T，SILHAVY T J.Border control：regulating LPS biogenesis［J］.Trends Microbiol，2021，29（4）：334-345.
[19]	GALANOS C，FREUDENBERG M A.Mechanisms of endotoxin shock and endotoxin hypersensitivity［J］.Immunobiology，1993，187（3-5）：346-356.
[20]	徐焘杰.三七茎叶对杜藏猪生长性能及肠道微生物区系的影响［D］.昆明：云南农业大学，2023.
	XU T J.The effect of Panax notoginseng stems and leaves on growth performance and gut microbiota of Duzang pigs ［D］.Kunming：Yunnan Agricultural University，2023.（in Chinese）
[21]	张德东.三七茎叶皂苷的生物转化与转化产物的化学研究［D］.沈阳：辽宁中医药大学，2009.
	ZHANG D D.Biotransformation of saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng and chemical studies of transformation products ［D］.Shenyang：Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2009.（in Chinese）
[22]	陈红惠，BELWAL T，李刚凤，等.表面活性剂协同超声波酶法提取三七花总皂苷工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究［J］.食品与发酵工业，2020，46（20）：178-186.
	CHEN H H，BELWAL T，LI G F.Enzymolysis-ultrasound-assisted surfactant extraction and antioxidant activity of saponins from Panax notoginseng flowers ［J］.Food and Fermentation Industries，2020，46（20）：178-186.（in Chinese）
[23]	GUO Y X，CHEN X F，GONG P，et al.The gut-organ-axis concept：advances the application of gut-on-chip technology［J］.Int J Mol Sci，2023，24（4）：4089.
[24]	WANG Z W，XIE N，LIANG X R，et al.Gut mechanoimmunology：shaping immune response through physical cues［J］.Phys Life Rev，2024，50：13-26.
[25]	OKUMURA R，TAKEDA K.Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis［J］.Exp Mol Med，2017，49（5）：e338.
[26]	HAN X B，HU X D，JIN W，et al.Dietary nutrition，intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and post-weaning diarrhea in piglets［J］.Anim Nutr，2024，17：188-207.
[27]	张自龙，熊敏琪，崔金刚，等.三七总皂苷抑制动脉粥样硬化与改善肠道屏障完整性的作用研究［J］.世界科学技术-中医药现代化，2024，26（2）：390-399.
	ZHANG Z L，XIONG M Q，CUI J G，et al.Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on inhibiting atherosclerosis and improving intestinal barrier integrity ［J］.Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology，2024，26（2）：390-399.（in Chinese）
[28]	HU Y Y，LI Y C，ZHU H D，et al.In vitro suppression of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by Panax notoginseng saponins：assessing antiviral potential［J］.Arch Virol，2024，169（5）：89.
[29]	王丽.肠道菌群介导三七皂苷抗炎症性肠病药效及作用机制研究［D］.长沙：中南大学，2022.
	WANG L.Effects and mechanism on anti-inflammatory bowel disease of Panax notoginseng saponins mediated by gut microbiota ［D］.Changsha：Central South University，2022.（in Chinese）
[30]	AHMED H S.The impact of Prevotella on neurobiology in aging：deciphering dendritic cell activity and inflammatory dynamics［J］.Mol Neurobiol，2024，61（11）：9240-9251.
[31]	ABDUGHENI R，WANG W Z，WANG Y J，et al.Metabolite profiling of human-originated Lachnospiraceae at the strain level［J］.iMeta，2022，1（4）：e58.
[32]	郭玺，刘盼茹，唐乙朝，等.三七皂苷成分及临床药理作用研究进展［J］.南京中医药大学学报，2024，40（9）：985-992.
	GUO X，LIU P R，TANG Y Z，et al.Research progress on the components and clinical pharmacological effects of Panax notoginseng saponin［J］.Journal of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，2024，40（9）：985-992.（in Chinese）
[33]	YI L，ZHU J，LI Q，et al.Panax notoginseng stems and leaves affect microbial community and function in cecum of duzang pigs［J］.Transl Anim Sci，2024，8：txad142.
[34]	夏金凤，陈影，杨万松，等.三七总皂苷和马齿苋多糖合用的抗炎功效评价［J］.香料香精化妆品，2024，（2）：89-93.
	XIA J F，CHEN Y，YANG W S，et al.Anti-inflammatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins combined with Portulaca Oleracea polysaccharide ［J］.Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics，2024，（2）：89-93.（in Chinese）
[35]	MELGRATI S，SOZZANI S，THELEN M.Editorial：insights in cytokines and soluble mediators in immunity：2022［J］.Front Immunol，2023，14：1194553.
[36]	LIU C Y，TAM S S，HUANG Y，et al.TNF receptor 1 promotes early-life immunity and protects against colitis in mice［J］.Cell Rep，2020，33（3）：108275.
[37]	CELIK M O，LABUZ D，KEYE J，et al.IL-4 induces M2 macrophages to produce sustained analgesia via opioids［J］.JCI Insight，2020，5（4）：e133093.
[38]	胡溪，高智，冯立，等.基于“肠-肾轴”理论探究益肾排毒方加三七对肾衰竭血清瘦素、血脂、氧化应激及内皮功能的影响［J/OL］.中华中医药学刊，1-11［2025-03-14］.http：//kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1546.R.20240902.1724.005.html.
	HU X，GAO Z，FENG L，et al.Exploring the effect of Yishen Paidu formula plus Sanqi on serum leptin，lipids，oxidative stress，and endothelial function in renal failure based on the theory of "intestinal kidney axis" ［J/OL］.Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine：1-11.［2025-03-14］.http：//kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1546.R.20240902.1724.005.html.（in Chinese）

项目 Item	含量 Content
原料 Ingredient
玉米粉 Corn flour	60.00
豆粕 Soybean meal	16.00
膨化豆粕 Puffed soybean meal	10.00
鱼粉 Fish meal	5.00
乳清粉 Whey powder	4.00
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.10
石粉 Limestone	0.60
食盐 NaCl	0.30
预混料 Premix^1）	3.00
合计 Total	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels^2）
消化能/（MJ·kg^-1） DE	13.89
粗蛋白质 CP	19.44
粗脂肪 EE	4.93
粗灰分 Ash	5.28
钙 Ca	0.75
磷 P	0.54
蛋氨酸 Ca	0.53
赖氨酸 Lys	1.33

项目 Item	组别 Group
项目 Item	CON	LPS	DEX+LPS	PN+LPS
平均日采食量/（kg·d^－1） ADFI	0.67±0.05^a	0.53±0.02^b	0.55±0.04^b	0.69±0.02^a
平均日增重/（kg·d^－1） ADG	0.47±0.03^a	0.41±0.04^ab	0.35±0.04^ab	0.33±0.04^b
料重比 F/G	1.41±0.03^ab	1.29±0.01^b	1.51±0.06^a	1.57±0.03^a

项目 Item	组别 Group
项目 Item	CON	LPS	DEX+LPS	PN+LPS
心脏指数 Heart index	5.39±0.15	5.64±0.34	5.89±0.33	6.23±0.54
肝脏指数 Liver index	25.17±0.50^b	30.3±1.63^a	31.22±1.25^a	28.87±1.94^ab
脾脏指数 Spleen index	1.95±0.09^b	2.2±0.12^ab	2.5±0.16^a	2.5±0.19^a
肺脏指数 Lung index	12.42±0.95	13.91±0.69	12.72±0.44	14.11±0.91
肾脏指数 Kidney index	5.11±0.21	5.09±0.28	5.45±0.17	5.58±0.34

项目 Item	组别 Group
项目 Item	CON	LPS	DEX+LPS	PN+LPS
乳酸脱氢酶/（U·L^－1） LDH	948.31±79.80	1 288.87±270.67	904.37±72.96	1 054.21±138.30
尿素/（μmol·L^－1） BU	5.23±0.38^a	3.94±0.38^b	4.41±0.40^b	5.42±2.14^a
总胆红素/（μmol·L^－1） TBIL	1.80±0.09	1.37±0.30	1.72±0.10	1.60±0.18
总胆固醇/（mmol·L^－1） TC	8.53±1.45^a	2.30±1.23^b	0.75±0.18^b	3.23±0.98^b
总蛋白/（g·L^－1） TP	52.75±1.63	50.37±3.15	51.56±2.26	49.73±4.86
球蛋白/（g·L^－1） GLB	20.60±2.46	20.54±1.40	21.75±2.23	21.56±2.35
白蛋白/（g·L^－1） ALB	32.15±2.33	29.82±1.93	29.81±1.40	28.17±2.65
白蛋白/球蛋白 ALB/GLB	1.71±0.27	1.46±0.06	1.46±0.20	1.33±0.08
甘油三酯/（mmol·L^－1） TG	0.48±0.05	0.42±0.18	0.43±0.05	0.45±0.12
碱性磷酸酶/（U·L^－1） ALP	379.72±27.30	395.97±44.58	350.11±55.01	348.76±72.00
血糖/（mmol·L^－1） BG	2.17±0.45	2.08±0.42	2.60±0.53	1.68±0.44
谷丙转氨酶/（U·L^－1） ALT	104.96±8.73^a	73.10±10.06^b	72.29±7.23^b	57.44±9.51^b
谷草转氨酶/（U·L^－1） AST	110.32±12.42	132.24±26.58	79.40±11.12	190.87±107.75
谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶 AST/ALT	1.07±0.12	1.98±0.43	1.09±0.10	2.96±1.14

Effects of Panax notoginseng Stem and Leaf Extract on Growth Performance， Diarrhea Index and Intestinal Health of LPS-Challenged Piglets

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 38

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	MENG Yunlong, DENG Yuankun, TAN Bi’e, WANG Jing. Research Progress on Tryptophan Metabolites in Alleviating Intestinal Oxidative Stress [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 46-57.
[2]	PAN Yandi, ZHANG Tingting, FANG Rendong, PENG Lianci. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Host Defense Peptides against Microorganisms [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4294-4302.
[3]	MAI Yanqi, SUN Xiaozheng, LIU Xiaoxuan, LIANG Xinglan, HUANG Ying, WU Xiaojuan, LIU Xiande, PEI Yechun. Analysis of the Preventive Effect of Recombinant E. coli Expressing rFel d 1 against Fel d 1-Induced Allergic Asthma [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4529-4545.
[4]	ZHENG Yongjie, SUN Tongyu, HU Fengming, WEI Manlin, MA Tao. Research Progress on the Manipulation of Performance, Product Quality and Health Status of Ruminants by Resveratrol [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3631-3639.
[5]	WEN Xue, XU Wanxue, FU Yitong, YANG Jie, FU Hongyu, FAN Ruifeng. Research Progress on the Relationship between Ferroptosis and Inflammation [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3666-3677.
[6]	YUAN Yue, ZHOU Jianxu, LUO Xiaolin, GUAN Jiuqiang, AN Tianwu, ZHAO Hongwen, BAI Qin, REN Zili, ZHANG Xiangfei, ZHAO Yanling. Effect of Rumen-Protected Fat on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Slaughter Performance of Fattening Yaks [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3849-3860.
[7]	MENG Yaxuan, LIU Yan, WANG Jing, CHEN Guoshun, FENG Tao. Effects of Glucosamine on Serum Anti-oxidation, Inflammatory Indexes and Intestinal Microbes in Weaned Piglets [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3908-3921.
[8]	XIONG Pingwen, XU Chuanhui, AI Gaoxiang, JI Huayuan, HU Yan, CHEN Jiang, SONG Qiongli, SONG Wenjing, CHEN Xiaolian, CHEN Xiaolian, ZOU Zhiheng, CHEN Hehong. Effects of Golden Buckwheat Stem and Leaf Meal on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Indices, Fecal Microflora Composition of Gannan Tibetan Sows [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3290-3304.
[9]	SUN Shujia, ZHENG Jiaqi, LU Shuwan, LIU Jinsong, YAO Chunlei, YANG Caimei, XU Yinglei, ZHANG Ruiqiang. Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth Performance, Digestive Function and Nutrient Utilization of Yellow-feathered Broilers [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3335-3343.
[10]	PENG Wenwen, ZHANG Meiting, XU Haocheng, XU Baoyang, ZHANG Lingling, YANG Caimei. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Immunity, Antioxidant Performance and Intestinal Health of Broiler Chickens Challenged by Escherichia coli [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3344-3356.
[11]	LI Zhiqiang, CHEN Xueqing, ZHANG Yuanshu. Detection of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in Intestinal Tissues of Clinically Infected Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Piglets and Analysis of Its Relationship with Intestinal Pathological Changes [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3463-3473.
[12]	CHEN Yun, CHEN Liyuan, SONG Wenjing, ZHANG Xinke, XU Han, WU Jiayi, ZHAO Cuiyan, ZHANG Shouquan. Research Progress on the Mechanism of T-2 Toxin 's Impact on Male Animal Reproduction [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2038-2046.
[13]	ZHU Yun, WANG Yuming, SUN Xiaoxiao, CHEN Hui, ZHAO Feng, XIE Jingjing, CHEN Yifan, SA Renna. Effect of the Addition of Corn Gluten Meal to Low-protein Diversified Diet on Growth Performance and Digestive Characteristics of White-feathered Broilers [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1802-1812.
[14]	WU Xiuju, XIA Pei, LUO Yihao, LUO Jinwei, XUE Mengdi, KE Yanhang, LI Juan, LÜ Jingzhi. Effect of Dietary Lactulose Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Parameters and Meat Quality in Meat Rabbits [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1813-1824.
[15]	QIU Qian, SANG Rui, WANG Wei, LIU Xinman, YU Minghong, LIU Xiaotong, YU Tian, ZHANG Xuemei. Study on the Activity of Huning Powder against Chicken Lung-derived E. coli and the in vitro Effects of Anti-inflammation and Anti-oxidation [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1969-1980.