金荞麦茎叶粉对赣南藏香母猪养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及粪微生物区系的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.07.022

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of golden buckwheat stem and leaf meal (GBSLM) supplementation in Gannan Tibetan primiparous sows diet by determining nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indices and fecal microflora composition. Eighteen healthy pregnant primiparous Gannan Tibetan sows with similar body condition and expected delivery date were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 6 replicates in per group and 1 pig in per replicate. Pigs in the control group (CON group) were fed only the basal diet, while the other groups (T1 and T2 groups) were fed the basal diets supplemented with 10% and 20% GBSLM, respectively. The trial period was from day 70 of gestation to 28 day after delivery. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the CON group, the apparent digestibility of gross energy (GE) and dry matter (DM) of sows at 105 day of gestation in T1 and T2 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), ether extract (EE) and phorsphorous in T1 group increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) in T2 group was pronouncedly decreased (P < 0.05). At 15 day after delivery, sows in T2 group had significantly higher apparent digestibility of GE, DM, EE and Ash than those of the CON group (P < 0.05). 2) In comparison to the CON group, the T1 and T2 groups dramatically heighted the TP content (P < 0.05) and lowered the GLU content (P < 0.05) in serum of sows after day 105 of gestation. 3) Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were the dominant bacteria phyla shared by the three groups. On the 105th day of pregnancy, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in feces of sows in T1 and T2 groups were markedly higher than that in CON group (P < 0.05). Although the relative abundance of Firmicutes were lower in the T1 and T2 groups compared to the CON group, no significant effects were observed (P>0.05). Furthermore, contrasted with the CON group, the T2 group statistically diminished the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in feces of sows at day 15 after parturition (P < 0.05). Streptococcus, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter were the dominant genera shared by the three groups. Moreover, on the 105th day of pregnancy, the T1 and T2 groups had an apparently higher fecal UCG-005, Rikenellaceae_RC9_ gut_group and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group relative abundance (P < 0.05) and an obviously lower fecal Streptococcus relative abundance compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, diets supplemented with GBSLM are conducive to elevating the apparent nutrients digestibility of GE, DM, EE, P and Ash, increasing the serum level of TP, regulating the richness and diversity of intestinal flora in Gannan Tibetan sows. Under the conditions of this experiment, GBSLM can be used in the diet of Gannan Tibetan sows and the addition of 10% GBSLM is the optimal dose.

Key words: golden buckwheat stem and leaf meal, Gannan Tibetan sows, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indices, fecal microorganisms

CLC Number:

S828.5

XIONG Pingwen, XU Chuanhui, AI Gaoxiang, JI Huayuan, HU Yan, CHEN Jiang, SONG Qiongli, SONG Wenjing, CHEN Xiaolian, CHEN Xiaolian, ZOU Zhiheng, CHEN Hehong. Effects of Golden Buckwheat Stem and Leaf Meal on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Indices, Fecal Microflora Composition of Gannan Tibetan Sows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3290-3304.

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项目 Item	组别 Group
	妊娠期Pregnancy			泌乳期Lactation
	CON	T1	T2	CON	T1	T2
原料Ingredient
玉米Corn	55.15	54.45	53.85	53.40	52.05	50.60
豆粕Soybean meal	12.20	11.80	11.40	17.20	17.70	18.20
金荞麦茎叶粉GBSLM	0.00	10.00	20.00	0.00	10.00	20.00
小麦麸Wheat bran	15.00	10.00	5.00	16.50	8.25	0.00
统糠Rice bran	10.00	5.00	0.00	5.00	2.50	0.00
豆油Soybean oil	2.05	3.05	4.05	2.10	3.60	5.10
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	0.80	0.70	0.60	1.00	0.90	0.80
石粉Limestone	0.40	0.60	0.70	0.40	0.60	0.90
食盐NaCl	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
胆碱Choline	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
预混料Compound-premix¹⁾	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
合计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient level²⁾
表观消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) ADE	12.14	12.13	12.12	12.56	12.55	12.54
粗蛋白质CP	13.03	13.03	13.04	15.02	15.02	15.01
粗纤维CF	9.24	8.37	7.49	8.37	7.36	6.35
钙Ca	0.64	0.65	0.63	0.70	0.69	0.71
总磷TP	0.44	0.44	0.44	0.49	0.49	0.50
赖氨酸Lys	0.57	0.55	0.53	0.70	0.69	0.68
蛋氨酸Met	0.22	0.20	0.18	0.24	0.22	0.20
色氨酸Trp	0.14	0.13	0.11	0.18	0.16	0.14
苏氨酸Thr	0.54	0.48	0.43	0.58	0.55	0.52

项目 Item	组别 Group			P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	T1	T2	P值 P-value
妊娠第105天Day 105 of pregnant
总能GE	70.43±3.86^b	76.94±2.43^a	76.17±3.00^a	0.009
干物质DM	68.61±3.80^b	75.73±1.94^a	75.22±3.18^a	0.003
粗蛋白质CP	75.73±2.64^a	76.73±2.22^a	70.33±4.18^b	0.010
粗脂肪EE	35.26±8.83^b	49.90±4.65^a	40.54±10.30^ab	0.029
粗灰分Ash	34.45±5.52	41.88±3.31	39.62±4.77	0.068
钙Ca	30.25±8.36	38.12±7.39	26.98±5.10	0.056
磷P	38.36±6.32^b	50.00±4.15^a	42.76±4.49^ab	0.006
分娩后第15天Day 15 after parturition
总能GE	73.86±1.77^b	76.05±1.37^b	82.10±2.84^a	< 0.001
干物质DM	72.35±2.17^b	74.91±1.75^b	80.82±3.31^a	< 0.001
粗蛋白质CP	79.37±2.09	76.35±2.04	77.09±4.98	0.322
粗脂肪EE	37.10±4.48^b	44.21±6.73^ab	57.2±17.33^a	0.033
粗灰分Ash	35.99±4.87^b	36.14±4.73^b	48.00±5.45^a	0.003
钙Ca	40.26±3.86	32.89±7.02	39.44±6.66	0.151
磷P	48.23±6.30^ab	43.70±3.29^b	55.10±6.27^a	0.013

项目 Item	组别 Group			P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	T1	T2	P值 P-value
妊娠第105天Day 105 of pregnant
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^-1) AKP	79.96±3.79	78.16±6.75	78.90±2.58	0.834
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^-1) ALT	37.47±1.05	35.80±1.92	35.67±2.38	0.265
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1) AST	106.36±6.02	101.01±6.00	100.59±3.85	0.205
总蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) TP	58.45±0.77^b	60.23±0.57^a	60.98±0.73^a	< 0.001
白蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) ALB	30.44±0.42	30.67±0.41	30.85±0.34	0.291
球蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) GLB	38.68±2.27	40.43±2.26	40.69±2.56	0.365
血糖/(mg·dL^-1) GLU	116.5±9.11^a	103.23±4.18^bc	99.61±6.74^c	0.004
尿素氮/(mmol·L^-1) BUN	4.54±0.36	4.63±0.11	4.46±0.10	0.456
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) T-CHO	1.23±0.06	1.17±0.11	1.20±0.06	0.522
甘油三酯/(mmol·L^-1) TG	0.21±0.02	0.20±0.02	0.20±0.02	0.799
总胆红素/(μmol·L^-1) TBILI	6.84±0.79	6.28±0.96	6.03±0.47	0.271
分娩后第15天Day 15 after parturition
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^-1) AKP	76.66±4.07	74.77±2.51	73.81±3.46	0.413
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^-1) ALT	38.48±1.26	36.26±2.11	35.83±2.60	0.130
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1) AST	101.8±6.17	98.16±3.05	95.34±4.56	0.127
总蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) TP	58.68±3.04	60.59±1.72	60.51±3.36	0.466
白蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) ALB	35.95±1.20	37.37±1.83	36.86±0.90	0.281
球蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) GLB	39.33±0.81	40.52±1.37	41.56±2.04	0.097
血糖/(mg·dL^-1) GLU	104.65±5.42	97.46±4.12	100.28±3.57	0.056
尿素氮/(mmol·L^-1) BUN	5.00±0.33	4.86±0.45	4.44±0.33	0.087
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) T-CHO	1.27±0.06	1.18±0.10	1.19±0.08	0.179
甘油三酯/(mmol·L^-1) TG	0.21±0.02	0.19±0.02	0.20±0.02	0.536
总胆红素/(μmol·L^-1) TBILI	6.06±0.44	5.73±0.28	5.82±0.37	0.349

项目 Item	组别 Group			P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	T1	T2	P值 P-value
妊娠第105天Day 105 of pregnant
Observed_species	762.20^b±45.27	851.50^a±57.29	847.20^ab±46.76	0.023
Shannon指数Shannon index	4.89^b±0.73	6.23^a±0.42	6.58^a±0.56	0.001
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.83^b±0.10	0.95^a±0.03	0.96^a±0.02	0.006
Chao1指数Chao1 index	853.86±64.31	944.92±81.50	901.14±50.82	0.125
Ace指数Ace index	867.16±53.76	942.98±71.51	910.60±46.39	0.147
分娩后第15天Day 15 after parturition
Observed_species	834±90.16	851.83±45.31	824±86.49	0.823
Shannon指数Shannon index	6.10±1.10	6.61±0.42	5.86±1.17	0.420
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.93±0.08	0.97±0.01	0.89±0.13	0.380
Chao1指数Chao1 index	900.61±107.46	919.47±41.43	888.78±97.51	0.833
Ace指数Ace index	924.14±111.35	923.97±41.65	898.13±90.29	0.850

项目 Item	组别 Group			P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	T1	T2	P值 P-value
妊娠第105天Day 105 of pregnant
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	79.17±4.22	65.52±9.69	63.78±11.00	0.031
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota	9.72^b±1.29	22.08^a±5.28	20.93^a±7.40	0.004
螺旋菌门Spirochaetota	2.73±1.53	5.26±3.11	6.36±5.55	0.318
广古菌门Euryarchaeota	5.36±4.57	3.10±3.70	3.11±3.15	0.566
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota	0.19±0.05	0.44±0.32	1.19±1.80	0.301
未鉴别菌门Unidentified_Bacteria	1.23±0.39	1.81±0.55	2.14±1.04	0.151
变形菌门Proteobacteria	0.40±0.42	0.32±0.19	0.53±0.30	0.561
放线菌门Actinobacteriota	0.41±0.21	0.33±0.15	0.48±0.24	0.493
纤维杆菌门Fibrobacterota	0.03±0.02	0.12±0.07	0.17±0.12	0.051
分娩后第15天Day 15 after parturition
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	66.79±12.60	60.99±14.34	62.08±16.83	0.797
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota	17.98±9.35	26.04±10.35	21.64±14.69	0.533
螺旋菌门Spirochaetota	6.19±5.59	6.31±4.47	9.59±4.90	0.479
广古菌门Euryarchaeota	4.73±3.71	1.73±2.59	3.08±3.90	0.372
变形菌门Proteobacteria	1.55±2.39	0.61±0.51	0.44±0.18	0.405
未鉴别菌门Unidentified_Bacteria	1.38±0.60	1.79±0.40	1.20±0.38	0.139
放线菌门Actinobacteriota	0.15^ab±0.05	0.53^a±0.35	0.09^b±0.11	0.013
弯曲杆菌门Campylobacterota	0.03±0.04	0.18±0.36	0.10±0.14	0.612
纤维杆菌门Fibrobacterota	0.11±0.07	0.39±0.22	0.40±0.33	0.108
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota	0.16±0.06	0.36±0.17	0.35±0.23	0.140

Effects of Golden Buckwheat Stem and Leaf Meal on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Indices, Fecal Microflora Composition of Gannan Tibetan Sows

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项目 Item	组别 Group			P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	T1	T2	P值 P-value
妊娠第105天Day 105 of pregnant
链球菌属Streptococcus	37.06^a±15.06	11.97^b±11.90	4.69^b±6.88	0.002
狭义梭菌属1 Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1	8.64±3.11	10.27±5.35	8.78±3.55	0.776
土芽孢杆菌属Terrisporobacter	9.31±3.05	11.48±2.86	13.09±5.18	0.316
密螺旋体属Treponema	2.72±1.53	5.24±3.11	6.34±5.53	0.319
甲烷短杆菌属Methanobrevibacter	5.36±4.57	3.10±3.70	3.11±3.15	0.566
UCG-005菌属UCG-005	2.89^b±1.29	4.78^a±1.70	6.39^a±1.45	0.010
乳酸菌属Lactobacillus	3.06±2.58	3.93±2.13	3.12±3.00	0.821
苏黎世杆菌属Turicibacter	2.51±1.53	3.24±1.76	2.97±2.01	0.798
普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31群菌属Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group	0.65^b±0.29	1.48^a±0.81	2.09^a±1.67	0.042
理研菌科RC9肠道群属Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group	0.74^b±0.16	1.86^a±0.95	2.04^a ±1.29	0.038
分娩后第15天Day 15 after parturition
链球菌属Streptococcus	12.78±16.39	4.41±2.12	22.78±20.21	0.151
狭义梭菌属1 Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1	10.96±2.92	10.87±6.35	4.58±2.54	0.064
土芽孢杆菌属Terrisporobacter	7.36±3.42	9.05±4.96	5.10±3.07	0.297
密螺旋体属Treponema	6.17±5.58	6.28±4.48	9.54±4.90	0.487
苏黎世杆菌属Turicibacter	3.30±1.57	3.53±2.50	3.24±4.99	0.988
乳酸菌属Lactobacillus	4.41±4.54	3.19±2.40	1.99±2.02	0.493
甲烷短杆菌属Methanobrevibacter	4.73±3.72	1.73±2.59	3.08±3.90	0.374
普雷沃氏菌科_UCG-001菌属Prevotellaceae_UCG-001	1.01±0.98	3.28±3.51	1.24±1.31	0.243
UCG-005菌属UCG-005	3.63±1.93	5.80±1.32	4.61±1.42	0.108
UCG-002菌属UCG-002	2.80±2.07	1.68±0.81	0.64±0.59	0.062