早期补充等渗蛋白溶液对哺乳仔猪生长性能、空肠发育及转录组变化的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.022

Abstract

Abstract:

The intestinal development and health of early-weaned piglets play a critical role in determining their future growth performance. During this period, the maturation of intestinal physiological functions not only supports current nutritional requirements but also establishes a solid foundation for subsequent rapid growth. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementing isotonic protein solution during the suckling period on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and jejunal transcriptomic profiles in suckling piglets. A total of 120 suckling piglets (Duroc×(Landrace×Large White) three-way cross) from 12 litters with comparable birth weights (1.48±0.22 kg) and sows of the same parity were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group (Con group) or an experimental group (Px group), with 6 litters per group, based on similarity in body weight. From postnatal days 2 to 8, piglets in the Con group received 500 mL of distilled water per litter daily, whereas those in the Px group received 500 mL of 3% isotonic protein solution per litter daily. Three days prior to weaning, both groups were supplemented with 250 g of starter feed paste per day; The paste for the Con group was prepared using distilled water, while that for the Px group was prepared using the 3% isotonic protein solution. The experimental period lasted 24 days. Results indicated that isotonic protein supplementation significantly improved weaning weight, average daily gain during days 1-24 and days 16-24, and enhanced jejunal villus height (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of jejunal tissues identified 163 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 105 up-regulated and 58 down-regulated genes. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were primarily involved in key biological processes and signaling pathways, such as ion transport (SLC46A1, SLC40A1, SLC26A6), mineral absorption (S100G), ferroptosis regulation, amino acid metabolism, and vitamin digestion, also include specific genes such as ICA and TRPM6. These findings suggest that isotonic protein supplementation during the suckling period enhances growth performance and promotes intestinal development in suckling piglets. The underlying mechanism may be associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in mineral and vitamin absorption and transport in the jejunum, thereby influencing intestinal development and nutrient utilization efficiency.

Key words: isotonic protein solution, suckling piglets, growth performance, intestinal morphology, transcriptomic analysis

CLC Number:

S828.5

GONG Changliang, JIN Aolong, ZHAO Yongju, XIAO Yao, CHEN Xiaochuan. Effects of Early Isotonic Protein Solution Supplementation on Growth Performance, Jejunal Development, and Transcriptomic Alterations in Suckling Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5623-5634.

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References 39

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原料Ingredients	含量/% Content	营养水平¹ Nutrient levels	含量/% Content
葡萄糖Glucose	61	粗蛋白Crude protein	16.98
乳清蛋白Whey protein	21	粗脂肪Crude fat	33.2
柠檬酸Citric acid	5.2	粗纤维Crude fiber	2.43
钠⁺ Na⁺	5.2	粗灰分Crude ash	15.0
钾⁺ K⁺	5.3	赖氨酸Lysine	0.45
谷氨酸钠Sodium glutamate	1.8	精氨酸Arginine	0.05
苯甲酸钠Sodium benzoate	0.5	异亮氨酸Isoleucine	0.07
总计Total	100

原料Ingredient	含量/% Content	营养水平² Nutrient levels	含量/% Content
玉米Corn	58	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1)Digestion	16.98
油脂Grease	2	粗蛋白Crude protein	15.73
豆粕Soybean meal	21	粗脂肪Crude fat	7.38
鱼粉Fish meal	2	钙Calcium	0.88
乳清粉Whey	6	总磷Total phosphorus	0.59
膨化大豆Extruded soybean	6	赖氨酸Lysine	0.67
预混料¹ Premix¹	5	精氨酸Arginine	0.71
总计Total	100	异亮氨酸Isoleucine	0.56

基因 Gene	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequences(5′→3′)	登录号 GenBank accession No.
SLC46A1	F：CTGGGACTCTAGGCTGATCG R：AGTGATGACCAGCGACAGAA	NM_001243383
SLC40A1	F：TGTCCCTGAGATGAGCCCTAAACC R：AAGACCGATTCTAGCAGCAATGACG	XM_003483701
SLC26A6	F：GGTTGGTGCTCGTGCTGGTG R：TGCCGTAGGAGATGCCTGTGG	NM_001012298
ICA	F：CCGAAGACTGTATCGCCAAG R：ACCCTTTCTCTGGTGTGTTTAC	NM_001244653
β-actin	F：TCTGGCACCACACCTTCT R：TGATCTGGGTCATCTTCTCAC	XM_021086047.1

项目 Item	组别Group		P 值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组Con group	试验组Px group	P 值 P-value
体重/kg Body weight
1 d	1.48±0.18	1.48±0.26	0.99
8 d	2.90±0.40	2.93±0.46	0.92
16 d	5.11±0.43	4.92±0.64	0.52
24 d	6.81±0.38	7.22±0.16	0.03
平均日增重/g Average daily weight gain
1~8 d	178.77±46.91	177.14±36.61	0.94
8~16 d	275.36±45.11	249.06±38.80	0.21
16~24 d	214.80±32.84	270.81±50.76	0.02
1~24 d	217.98±18.07	239.29±7.02	0.02

项目 Item	组别Group		P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组Con group	试验组Px group	P值 P-value
空肠Jejunum
绒毛高度/μm VH	599.40±15.70	643.99±30.26	0.01
隐窝深度/μm CD	125.13±29.18	138.34±25.35	0.41
绒毛/隐窝V/C	4.98±0.97	4.81±1.03	0.77
回肠Ileum
绒毛高度/μm VH	464.13±49.51	474.89±47.17	0.72
隐窝深度/μm CD	117.89±8.52	121.39±15.94	0.67
绒毛/隐窝V/C	3.95±0.42	3.94±0.37	0.97

Effects of Early Isotonic Protein Solution Supplementation on Growth Performance, Jejunal Development, and Transcriptomic Alterations in Suckling Piglets

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样品 Samples	原始数据/条 Raw reads	有效数据/条 Clean reads	错误率/% Error rate	Q30/%	GC含量/% GC content
Con1	40 101 612	39 763 936	0.79	94.11	51.24
Con2	46 167 906	45 747 032	0.84	92.83	51.38
Con3	40 995 142	40 636 264	0.82	92.86	51.27
Px1	38 780 452	38 461 904	0.77	93.81	51.26
Px2	41 394 800	41 023 504	0.84	93.18	51.24
Px3	40 100 422	39 735 260	0.84	93.16	51.26

通路ID Pathway ID	通路注释 Access note	基因名称 Gene name	基因数/个 Number of gene
矿物质吸收 Mineral absorption	ko04978	TRPM6/SLC46A1/SLC40A1/SLC26A6/S100G/ICA	6
铁死亡 Ferroptosis	ko04216	NCOA4/SLC40A1/ICA	3
维生素消化与吸收 Vitamin digestion and absorption	ko04977	SLC46A1/CBLIF/PLB1	3

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