添加过瘤胃氨基酸低蛋白质饲粮对呼伦贝尔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.021

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) and rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) supplemented in low-protein diet on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemistry and meat quality of Hulun Buir sheep. Sixteen 2.5-month-old weaned healthy lambs were randomly divided into two groups evenly: control group (fed low protein diet with crude protein content of 7.84%) and treatment group (supplemented with 10 g·d^-1 RPMet and 15 g·d^-1 RPLys on the basis of low protein diet). The pretrial period lasted for 7 d and the experimental period lasted for 56 d. The results showed that: 1)The average daily feed intake of treatment group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), but its average daily height increase was significantly higher (P < 0.05), and feed to gain ratio of treatment group was lower than that of control group. 2) There was no significant difference in slaughter performance or nutrient apparent digestibility between two groups (P > 0.05). 3) The contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the content of free fatty acid (NEFA) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. 4) There was no significant difference in meat color, conventional nutrients, the composition and content of fatty acid between the two groups (P > 0.05). The content of threonine (Thr) in muscle of treatment group was significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the contents of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), tyrosine (Tyr) were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The proportion of flavor amino acids and essential amino acids in total amino acids (DAA/TAA, EAA/TAA) in muscle of treatment group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (EAA/NAA) was significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under the condition of the current experiment, adding 10 g·d^-1 RPMet and 15 g·d^-1 RPLys into the low protein diet has a positive effect on the growth and development of Hulun Buir sheep, and without affecting its nutrient digestibility and slaughter performance. It can also increase the proportion of delicious amino acids and essential amino acids in muscle and improve muscle quality.

Key words: low-protein diet, rumen-protected amino acid, Hulun Buir sheep, growth performance, serum biochemistry, meat quality

CLC Number:

S816.4

Zhibin LUO, Huimin OU, Jianzhong LI, Zhiliang TAN, Jinzhen JIAO. Effects of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Rumen-protected Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Meat Quality of Hulun Buir Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2498-2509.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 35

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项目 Item	含量/% Content
原料Ingredient
苜蓿Alfalfa	15.00
燕麦草Oat grass	20.00
玉米Corn	50.20
麦麸Wheat bran	10.60
碳酸钙CaCO₃	0.50
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.00
预混料Premix¹⁾	2.00
食盐NaCl	0.50
氧化镁MgO	0.20
合计Total	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels
干物质DM	94.90
粗蛋白质CP	7.84
粗脂肪EE	2.51
中性洗涤纤维NDF	40.13
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	17.97
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME²⁾	10.04
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) GE	17.81

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
平均日采食量/g ADFI	857.46^a	783.89^b	22.27	0.04
平均日增重/g ADG	135.97	132.81	4.87	0.66
平均日增高/cm ADH	0.10^b	0.15^a	0.01	0.04
平均日增长/cm ADL	0.08	0.08	0.01	0.87
料重比F/G	6.35	5.92	0.16	0.09

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
胴体重/kg Carcass weight	11.34	12.16	0.44	0.38
心重/kg Heart weight	0.10	0.11	0.00	0.08
肝重/kg Liver weight	0.40	0.42	0.01	0.54
脾重/kg Spleen weight	0.03	0.04	0.00	0.07
肺重/kg Lung weight	0.23	0.25	0.01	0.40
肾重/kg Kidney weight	0.07	0.07	0.00	0.27
腹膘厚度/cm Abdominal fat thickness	3.02	3.52	0.29	0.41
背膘厚度/cm Back fat thickness	1.79	1.73	0.16	0.84
眼肌面积/mm² Loin eye area	805.38	823.01	53.37	0.88

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
干物质DM	74.05	71.92	2.05	0.32
粗脂肪EE	68.98	67.44	4.71	0.75
粗蛋白质CP	63.54	62.79	2.11	0.44
中性洗涤纤维NDF	70.90	70.52	1.71	0.83
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	64.13	63.03	2.47	0.67

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
总蛋白/(g·L^-1)TP	72.90^a	60.38^b	3.15	0.04
白蛋白/(g·L^-1)ALB	32.95^a	25.24^b	1.83	0.03
尿素氮/(mmol·L^-1) BUN	4.27	4.60	0.41	0.71
肌酐/(μmol·L^-1) CREA	68.17^a	54.38^b	3.08	0.02
血糖/(mmol·L^-1) GLU	4.62	4.42	0.13	0.46
总胆红素/(μmol·L^-1) TBIL	1.45	1.16	0.12	0.26
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^-1) ALT	22.30^a	12.83^b	1.18	＜0.01
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1) AST	114.50	107.16	7.29	0.64
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^-1) ALP	292.00	273.11	28.66	0.76
乳酸脱氢酶/(U·L^-1) LDH	598.67^a	422.00^b	34.17	＜0.01
总甘油三酯/(mmol·L^-1) TG	0.28	0.27	0.02	0.81
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) CHOL	1.86	1.58	0.12	0.27
游离脂肪酸/(mmol·L^-1) NEFA	0.07^b	0.10^a	0.01	0.04
低密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) LDL	0.69^a	0.43^b	0.06	0.03
高密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) HDL	1.28	0.92	0.10	0.06

Effects of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Rumen-protected Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Meat Quality of Hulun Buir Sheep

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项目 Item	氨基酸AA	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
鲜味氨基酸UAA	Asp天冬氨酸^*	20.93	16.18	1.85	0.09
	Glu谷氨酸^*	90.81	85.91	11.08	0.76
甜味氨基酸SAA	Thr苏氨酸^*#	83.92^b	116.15^a	9.75	0.04
	Ser丝氨酸^*	13.24	14.87	1.11	0.33
	Pro脯氨酸^*	9.01	6.82	1.09	0.20
	Gly甘氨酸^*	46.65	49.25	4.42	0.70
	Ala丙氨酸^*	107.69	95.10	5.83	0.15
苦味氨基酸BAA	Val缬氨酸	10.34	8.22	0.72	0.06
	Met蛋氨酸^#	2.44	1.59	0.39	0.15
	Ile异亮氨酸^#	5.12^a	3.74^b	0.40	0.03
	Leu亮氨酸^#	9.43^a	6.67^b	0.67	0.01
	Tyr酪氨酸	14.21^a	12.16^b	0.46	0.02
	Phe苯丙氨酸^#	6.86	6.27	0.54	0.46
	Lys赖氨酸^#	12.68	12.54	1.65	0.96
	His组氨酸^#	10.05	7.64	0.80	0.06
	Arg精氨酸	17.16	13.59	2.87	0.44
其他Other	Cys半胱氨酸	0.97	1.18	0.25	0.59
必需氨基酸EAA		130.49	154.61	10.58	0.14
非必需氨基酸NAA		345.47	312.92	26.83	0.41
风味氨基酸DAA		386.70	393.92	30.03	0.87
总氨基酸TAA		475.96	467.53	33.66	0.86
风味氨基酸/总氨基酸/% DAA/TAA		81.05^b	84.05^a	0.83	0.02
必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸/% EAA/NAA		38.57^b	50.32^a	3.07	0.02
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸/% EAA/TAA		27.75^b	33.13^a	1.42	0.02

[1]	Ming FENG, Xudong YI, Weijun PANG. Advances in Intestinal Microorganism Regulating Pork Quality through Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type, Intramuscular Fat Content and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2304-2312.
[2]	Yalin LI, Shibo ZHEN, Lin CAO, Fengxue SUN, Lihua WANG. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus plantarum Postbiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Status and Intestinal Health of Growing Female Minks [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2530-2539.
[3]	Ji WANG, Xinyan ZHOU, Fangrui GUO, Qiurong XU, Dongyi WU, Yan MAO, Zhihang YUAN, Jin'e YI, Lixin WEN, Jing WU. Viola yedoensis Makino Improves the Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Gut Microbiota of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2761-2774.
[4]	LEI Yanru, HU Xiaoyu, XU Chunhong, ZHANG Chenxi, DU Wenping, WANG Yangguang, LI Donghua, SUN Guirong, LI Wenting, KANG Xiangtao. Comparative Analysis of Growth, Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Five Hybrid Combinations of Houdan Chicken [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(4): 1521-1535.
[5]	LI Tie, QI Mengdi, ZHANG Keying, WANG Jianping, BAI Shiping, ZENG Qiufeng, PENG Huanwei, XUAN Yue, LÜ Li, DING Xuemei. Effects of Dietary Probiotics Supplementation during Brood-rearing Period on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Intestinal Health and Subsequent Performance of Laying Hens [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1062-1076.
[6]	CHANG Xindan, HU Fan, WU Zhiwu, YE Bingsen, LIU Tiehai, LIN Jie, HE Zhixiong, TAN Zhiliang. Effect of High Proportion Rumen Bypass Fat Diet on Feeding Behavior of Growing Mutton Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1077-1084.
[7]	ZUO Zizhen, WANG Haibo, CHAI Zhixin, FU Jianhui, ZHANG Xiangfei, LUO Xiaolin, ZHONG Jincheng. Effects of Rumen-protected Methionine on Meat Quality, Volatile Flavor Compounds and Fatty Acid Composition of Yak Semitendinosus [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(3): 1102-1114.
[8]	FU Xiyao, CHEN Lihong, CHEN Xiaoli, SUN Weili, GUO Xiaolan. Study on Dietary Crude Protein Level of 11-17 Weeks Old Female Pheasant [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(7): 2910-2923.
[9]	HU Ying, ZHOU Xiaorong, HUANG Jinxiu, YANG Feiyun, LI Jing, TANG Chaohua, ZHAO Qingyu, YANG Youyou, ZHANG Kai, ZHANG Junmin. Research on the Differences of Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Flavor Substances between Rongchang and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire Pigs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(5): 1877-1892.
[10]	WANG Mingli, WANG Meng, LI Yansen, XU Shanjin, HAN Guofeng, LI Chunmei. Effect of Different Crude Protein Levels of Artificial Crop Milk on Growth Performance,Serum Antioxidant Level and Intestinal Development of Squabs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1545-1554.
[11]	SU Yanfang, YANG Man, NIU Naiqi, HOU Xinhua, ZHANG Longchao. Association Analysis of FABP3 and SCD Gene Polymorphisms with Meat Quality Traits in Beijing Black Pigs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 966-975.
[12]	WANG Weihao, DUAN Yan, WANG Hongdi, DOU Lu, LIU Ting, KANG Letian, SUN Lina, AO Tehenggerile, JIN Ye. Effects of Feeding Regimens on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Bacteria Community of Sunit Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1085-1094.
[13]	YAN Qiongxian, CHEN Wenxun, HUI Haoyang, PENG Can, TANG Shaoxun, ZHOU Xiaoling, TAN Zhiliang. Effects of Zearalenone on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Fermentation and Microbiota Community Structure of Goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1109-1123.
[14]	SONG Shuzhen, LIU Junbin, ZHU Caiye, XU Hongwei, LIU Lishan, KONG Yanlong. The Effect of Tail Docking on Growth Performance, Fat Deposition Distribution and Slaughter Performance in Lanzhou Fat-tailed Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(2): 642-655.
[15]	FAN Chenyu, SHAN Yanju, ZHANG Ming, JI Gaige, JU Xiaojun, TU Yunjie, HE Xi, SHU Jingting, LIU Yifan, ZHANG Haihan. Genome-wide Association Study of Body Weight and Meat Quality Traits in Lihua Mahuang Chickens [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(12): 4982-4992.

项目 Item		对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
水分Moisture/%		76.79	77.65	0.35	0.11
粗蛋白质CP/%		73.28	72.97	0.87	0.80
粗脂肪EE/%		8.63	8.53	0.74	0.92
肉色Meat color	亮度L^*	35.11	33.46	1.16	0.50
	红度a^*	16.47	15.56	0.62	0.49
	黄度b^*	1.50	1.53	0.18	0.96

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
饱和脂肪酸SFA	50.37	50.25	0.98	0.94
棕榈酸Cl6:0	26.36	26.19	0.64	0.85
硬脂酸C18:0	18.27	17.83	0.59	0.61
肉豆蔻酸C14:0	3.41	3.60	0.27	0.62
十七烷酸C17:0	0.99	1.14	0.09	0.32
木蜡酸C24:0	0.50	0.53	0.1	0.84
十五烷酸C15:0	0.32	0.38	0.04	0.24
月桂酸C12:0	0.23	0.27	0.03	0.36
葵酸C10:0	0.19	0.210	0.01	0.11
花生酸C20:0	0.09	0.1	0.01	0.56
单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA	42.53	41.45	1.01	0.47
油酸C18:1n9c	40.25	39.00	0.98	0.38
棕榈油酸C16:1	1.73	1.88	0.06	0.10
反油酸C18:1n9t	0.35	0.35	0.01	0.88
肉豆蔻油酸C14:1	0.11	0.14	0.01	0.06
花生一烯酸C20:1	0.09	0.09	0.01	0.35
多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA	7.10	8.36	0.76	0.28
亚油酸C18:2n6c	4.00	4.48	0.34	0.35
花生四烯酸C20:4n6	2.34	3.06	0.38	0.24
α-亚麻酸C18:3n3	0.39	0.36	0.04	0.63
二十二碳三烯酸C22:6n3	0.16	0.18	0.02	0.35
二十碳三烯酸C20:3n6	0.15	0.2	0.02	0.19
γ-亚麻酸Cl8:3n6	0.07	0.08	0.01	0.31
饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸SFA/UFA	1.03	1.01	0.04	0.82
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸PUFA/SFA	0.14	0.17	0.02	0.36