酶解玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉和豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.043

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of enzymatic corn gluten meal (MCGM) on the growth performance, intestinal barrier, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal microbial composition of weaned piglets. A total of 240 healthy weaned piglets (21 days-age, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of 5.71 ± 0.79 kg were selected. Based on the principle of body weight, the piglets were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 5% conventional corn gluten meal (CGM) group, 5% fish meal (FM) group, and 5%, 10%, and 15% enzymatic corn gluten meal groups (MCGM1, MCGM2, and MCGM3), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 14 days. The results showed that: 1) The feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of weaned piglets in the MCGM1 and FM groups were significantly lower than that in the CGM, MCGM2 and MCGM3 groups (P<0.05). The fecal score in the MCGM2 group was significantly higher than that in the other experimental groups (P<0.05). 2) Compared to the CGM, MCGM2 and MCGM3 groups, the activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the duodenum and jejunum of the MCGM1 and FM groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) The villus-to-crypt ratio in the duodenum of the MCGM1 and MCGM3 groups were significantly higher than that in the CGM and FM groups (P<0.05). Additionally, compared to the MCGM2 and MCGM3 groups, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier genes (Occludin and ZO-1) in the MCGM1 group were significantly elevated (P<0.05). 4) The characteristic bacteria in the ileum of piglets in the MCGM1 group were f__Peptostreptococcaceae, o__Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales, and g__Terrisporobacter, and in the cecum were o__Veillonellales-Selenomonadales; the characteristic bacteria in the ileum of piglets in the FM group were g__Lactobacillus and g__Prevotella. In conclusion, the addition of 5% MCGM can significantly enhance the digestive enzyme activities in the duodenum and jejunum of weaned piglets, strengthen the intestinal barrier function, and thereby improve growth performance.

Key words: enzymatic corn gluten meal, weaned piglets, growth performance, intestinal health

CLC Number:

S828.5

BAI Guosong, TENG Chunran, WANG Junhong, ZHONG Ruqing, MA Teng, CHEN Liang, ZHANG Hongfu. Effects of Enzymatic Corn Gluten Meal on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microorganisms of Weaned Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 953-968.

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References 50

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项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉 CGM	酶解玉米蛋白粉 MCGM
干物质DM	91.63	88.73
粗蛋白质CP	68.38	69.21
总能/(MJ·kg^－1)GE	22.86	23.6
氨基酸组成AA composition
必需氨基酸EAA
精氨酸Arg	2.19	1.79
组氨酸His	1.57	1.31
异亮氨酸Ile	3.12	2.45
亮氨酸Leu	6	9.88
赖氨酸Lys	1.12	0.91
蛋氨酸Met	1.65	1.43
苯丙氨酸Phe	4.39	3.67
苏氨酸Thr	2.36	2.01
色氨酸Trp	0.22	0.18
缬氨酸Val	3.13	2.72
平均值Mean	2.58	2.64
非必需氨基酸NEAA
丙氨酸Ala	6.45	5.4
天冬氨酸Asp	4.03	3.43
半胱氨酸Cys	1.18	0.98
谷氨酸Glu	15.7	13.95
甘氨酸Gly	2.1	1.74
脯氨酸Pro	5.34	5.94
丝氨酸Ser	3.61	3.01
酪氨酸Tyr	2.98	2.43
平均值Mean	5.17	4.61
总氨基酸TAA	67.14	63.23

项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	酶解玉米蛋白粉组MCGM group
项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	5%	10%	15%
原料(风干基础) Ingredients (air-dry basis)
玉米Corn	28.56	28.84	28.77	29.95	33.17
发酵豆粕Fermented soybean meal	5.00	4.80	5.00	4.70
次粉Wheat middlings	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
鱼粉Fish meal		5.00
玉米蛋白粉CGM	5.00
酶解玉米蛋白粉MCGM			5.00	10.00	15.00
膨化大豆Extruded soybean	7.50	8.00	8.00	4.00	0.00
标准面粉Standard flour	10.00	10.00	13.00	13.00	13.00
大豆浓缩蛋白Soy protein concentrate	3.90	3.50	3.00	0.00	0.00
乳清粉Whey powder	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
葡萄糖Glucose	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
膨化玉米Puffed corn	15.00	15.00	12.00	13.00	13.00
豆油Soybean oil	2.70	2.70	2.70	2.50	2.60
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl	0.93	0.76	0.97	1.19	1.43
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met	0.24	0.26	0.28	0.28	0.29
L-苏氨酸L-Thr	0.28	0.24	0.31	0.35	0.40
L-色氨酸L-Trp	0.07	0.06	0.09	0.12	0.17
L-缬氨酸L-Val	0.28	0.30	0.34	0.37	0.40
预混料^*Premix	4.54	4.54	4.54	4.54	4.54
总计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平(风干基础)^** Nutrient levels (air-dry basis)
粗蛋白质CP	17.28	17.34	17.26	17.38	17.41
粗脂肪EE	6.33	6.57	6.11	5.24	4.59
粗纤维CF	1.50	1.45	1.44	1.26	1.09
钙Ca	0.53	0.76	0.52	0.51	0.50
总磷Total P	0.52	0.64	0.48	0.46	0.44
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)NE	10.75	10.75	10.79	10.75	10.79

基因 Gene	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequences (5′→3′)
β-actin-F	GCGTAGCATTTGCTGCATGA
β-actin-R	GCGTGTGTGTAACTAGGGGT
GAPDH-F	CGTGTCGGTTGTGGATCTGA
GAPDH-R	TGACGAAGTGGTCGTTGAGG
ZO-1-F	CTCCAGGCCCTTACCTTTCG
ZO-1-R	GGGGTAGGGGTCCTTCCTAT
Occludin-F	CAGGTGCACCCTCCAGATTG
Occludin-R	TATGTCGTTGCTGGGTGCAT
Claudin1-F	TTTCCTCAATACAGGAGGGAAGC
Claudin1-R	CCCTCTCCCCACATTCGAG

项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	酶解玉米蛋白粉组 MCGM group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	5%	10%	15%	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
初重/kg Initial BW	5.67	5.69	5.74	5.75	5.70	0.83	1.000
末重/kg Final BW	6.72	7.23	7.35	6.89	6.73	1.49	0.500
平均日采食量/g ADFI	189.29	194.29	200.00	172.86	170.71	24.21	0.371
平均日增重/g ADG	104.00	121.48	124.85	93.73	96.03	66.19	0.139
料重比F/G	2.90^b	1.74^a	1.76^a	2.56^b	2.50^b	0.42	0.004
粪便评分Fecal score	2.83^a	2.91^a	2.90^a	3.62^b	3.00^a	0.19	<0.001

项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	酶解玉米蛋白粉组 MCGM group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	5%	10%	15%	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
心脏指数Heart index	5.02	7.10	4.99	5.45	4.30	1.71	0.252
肝脏指数Liver index	27.70	21.71	28.72	26.25	27.05	7.17	0.686
脾脏指数Spleen index	1.94	2.20	2.76	1.73	2.40	0.55	0.131
肺脏指数Lung index	13.25	11.05	16.84	13.77	12.91	3.08	0.172
肾脏指数Kidney index	6.04	6.32	5.41	6.13	6.20	0.80	0.551

Effects of Enzymatic Corn Gluten Meal on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microorganisms of Weaned Piglets

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项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	酶解玉米蛋白粉组MCGM group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	5%	10%	15%	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
十二指肠Duodenum	18.00^ab	15.75^a	16.25^a	19.25^bc	21.00^c	1.68	0.003
空肠Jejunum	830.50	818.75	788.25	820.00	820.00	34.9	0.523
回肠Ileum	17.00	17.50	17.00	20.00	18.50	2.31	0.344
结肠Colon	106.25	104.25	101.25	108.75	106.25	10.16	0.872

项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	酶解玉米蛋白粉组MCGM group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	玉米蛋白粉组 CGM group	鱼粉组 FM group	5%	10%	15%	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
十二指肠Duodenum
淀粉酶/(U·g^－1) Amylase	27.92	31.27	26.60	26.23	27.14	4.06	0.117
脂肪酶/(U·g^－1) Lipase	1.17^a	1.18^a	1.13^a	0.94^b	0.92^b	0.10	<0.001
胰蛋白酶/(U·mg^－1) Trypsin	463.43^b	578.27^a	590.55^a	410.25^b	402.74^b	44.85	<0.001
糜蛋白酶/(U·mg^－1) Chymotrypsin	5.64^b	7.63^a	7.26^a	5.75^b	5.69^b	0.80	<0.001
空肠Jejunum
淀粉酶/(U·g^－1) Amylase	32.80^b	41.44^a	38.46^a	28.41^b	30.53^b	3.63	<0.001
脂肪酶/(U·g^－1) Lipase	1.16^bc	1.25^ab	1.26^a	1.04^cd	1.08^cd	0.08	<0.001
胰蛋白酶/(U·mg^－1) Trypsin	535.25^b	635.77^a	653.90^a	530.85^b	543.42^b	51.83	<0.001
糜蛋白酶/(U·mg^－1) Chymotrypsin	8.07^b	9.37^a	9.52^a	7.49^b	7.42^b	0.95	<0.001