华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.019

Abstract

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight and daily weight gain at different growth stages of a new beef cattle breed "Huaxi cattle" and assess its genetic progress from 2011 to 2024. The Huaxi Cattle Breeding Alliance collected data from 13 212 Huaxi cattle (3 794 bulls and 9 418 cows), comprising 64 406 records of body weight and daily weight gain at various stages from 2009 to 2024. Fixed effects such as sex, birth year, birth season, birth place, and current province were considered, with age in days as a covariate. The REML algorithm was used to estimate the heritability of body weight and daily weight gain at each stage, and ASREML software was employed to calculate the breeding values of all individuals, followed by an estimation of genetic progress for each trait. The heritability estimates for birth weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight, 18-month weight, 24-month weight and 36-month weight were 0.17, 0.21, 0.24, 0.51, 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The heritability estimates for daily weight gain from birth to 6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-36 months were 0.23, 0.17, 0.28, 0.42 and 0.14, respectively. The annual genetic progress for birth weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight, 18-month weight, 24-month weight and 36-month weight was 0.06, 0.49, 0.71, 2.18, 3.03 and 1.90 kg, respectively. The annual genetic progress for daily weight gain from birth to 6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-36 months was 0.123, 0.087, 0.165, 0.256 and 0.025 kg·d^-1, respectively. This study represents the systematic evaluation and analysis of the genetic parameters of growth traits in the Huaxi cattle population, as well as an assessment of its genetic progress, providing a theoretical foundation for the continued breeding of Huaxi cattle and beef cattle breeding in China.

Key words: Huaxi cattle, monthly weights and daily gain at various stages, genetic parameters, genetic progress

CLC Number:

S823.2

CAO Xiaoyao, WANG Congyong, WANG Ting, XIONG Lanling, YU Heyang, WANG Zezhao, GAO Huijiang, LI Junya, ZHU Bo. Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Progress for Growth and Development Traits in Huaxi Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4355-4368.

Figures/Tables 10

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性别 Sex		初生重 /kg Birth weight	初生到6月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from birth to six months	6月龄重/kg Six months weight	6~12月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from six to twelve months	12月龄重/kg Twelve months weight	12~18月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twelve to eighteen months	18月龄重/kg Eighteen months weight	18~24月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from eighteen to twenty-four months	24月龄重/kg Twenty-four months weight	24~36月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twenty-four to thirty-six months	36月龄重/kg Thirty-six months weight
公 Sire	计数	3 794	1 482	1 806	852	886	630	632	516	520	128	128
	均值	45.08	1.09	233.77	1.05	438.84	1.01	616.62	0.89	777.82	0.53	971.97
	标准差	5.81	0.23	50.60	0.34	80.39	0.37	98.14	0.39	103.37	0.30	84.80
	变异系数	12.90%	20.71%	21.66%	31.98%	18.34%	36.71%	15.94%	43.58%	13.32%	56.44%	8.79%
母 Dam	计数	9 418	6 484	6 906	5 236	5 688	4 590	4 832	4 168	4 356	608	746
	均值	42.49	1.03	227.03	0.63	345.61	0.54	443.99	0.48	526.40	0.27	601.07
	标准差	5.14	0.19	37.64	0.24	49.55	0.22	65.61	0.24	79.81	0.25	104.23
	变异系数	12.09%	18.16%	16.58%	37.34%	14.34%	40.87%	14.78%	49.28%	15.17%	92.67%	17.36%

性别 Sex	观察值个数 N	出生季 Season of birth	观察值个数 N	出生年 Year of birth	观察值个数 N	出生地 Place of birth	省份 Province	观察值个数 N	所在省 Province of stay	省份 Province	观察值个数 N
公Sire	3 794	春	5 041	2009	2	13	河北	90	11	北京	11
母 Dam	9 418	夏	2 050	2012	2	14	山西	7	13	河北	380
		秋	2 084	2014	4	15	内蒙古	8 727	14	山西	7
		冬	4 037	2015	16	22	吉林	635	15	内蒙古	8 567
				2016	130	36	江西	2	22	吉林	686
				2017	466	41	河南	355	36	江西	7
				2018	1 132	42	湖北	1 385	41	河南	347
				2019	1 451	50	重庆	488	42	湖北	1 044
				2020	2 340	53	云南	974	43	湖南	5
				2021	2 269	65	新疆	549	50	重庆	671
				2022	2 131				52	贵州	2
				2023	2 970				53	云南	900
				2024	299				65	新疆	585

参数 Item	初生重/kg Birth weight	初生到6月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from birth to six months	6月龄重/kg Six months weight	6~12月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from six to twelve months	12月龄重/kg Twelve months weight	12~18月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twelve to eighteen months	18月龄重/kg Eighteen months weight	18~24月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from eighteen to twenty-four months	24月龄重/kg Twenty-four months weight	24~36月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twenty-four to thirty-six months	36月龄重/kg Thirty-six months weight
性别Sex	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.2×10^-16	5.6×10^-16	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16
出生年Year	1.67×10^-15	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	7.5×10^-12	< 2.0×10^-16	8.5×10^-4	< 2.0×10^-16	1.7×10^-15	< 2.0×10^-16	7.8×10^-7	8.1×10^-12
出生季Season	4.64×10^-8	3.34×10^-9	< 2.0×10^-16	1.2×10^-5	9.1×10^-8	5.46×10^-2	1.3×10^-5	1.1×10^-4	3.2×10^-2	2.2×10^-4	1.2×10^-5
出生地Birth	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	1.7×10^-10	< 2.0×10^-16
所在省Stay	3.96×10^-5	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	4.6×10^-1	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	4.5×10^-8	< 2.0×10^-16	5.79×10^-1	4.6×10^-1
牛只日龄Day	3.06×10^-1	—	< 2.0×10^-16	—	< 2.0×10^-16	—	3.3×10^-16	—	2.0×10^-4	—	6.5×10^-1

性状 Trait	表型方差 Phenotype variance	残差方差 Residual variance	加性方差 Additive variance	遗传力±标准误 Heritability±standard error
初生重/kg Birth weight	27.16	15.21	11.95	0.17±0.02
初生到6月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from birth to six months	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.23±0.03
6月龄重/kg Six months weight	1 444.74	823.50	621.24	0.21±0.03
6到12月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from six to twelve months	0.08	0.04	0.03	0.17±0.04
12月龄重/kg Twelve months weight	3 354.29	1 844.86	1 509.43	0.24±0.03
12到18月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twelve to eighteen months	0.07	0.04	0.03	0.28±0.04
18月龄重/kg Eighteen months weight	6 627.52	4 109.06	2 518.46	0.51±0.03
18到24月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from eighteen to twenty-four months	0.06	0.04	0.02	0.42±0.04
24月龄重/kg Twenty-four months weight	11 178.28	6 148.05	5 030.22	0.54±0.03
24到36月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twenty-four to thirty-six months	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.14±0.09
36月龄重/kg Thirty-six months weight	27 556.70	15 156.19	12 400.52	0.49±0.05

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Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Progress for Growth and Development Traits in Huaxi Cattle

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