Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 4165-4175.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.004

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The Principle of SNP Chip Technology and Its Application in Chicken Genetic Breeding

WANG Youdong1,2,3(), CAO Zhiping1,2,3, LI Yumao1,2,3, LUAN Peng1,2,3, LI Hui1,2,3, BAI Xue1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Heilongjiang Province Colleges and Universities, Harbin 150030, China
  • Received:2025-01-22 Online:2025-09-23 Published:2025-09-30
  • Contact: BAI Xue E-mail:wangyoudong121@163.com;xuebai@neau.edu.cn

Abstract:

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips, as highly efficient genotyping tools, offer advantages such as high genotyping accuracy, fast detection speed, simple analysis workflows, and low detection costs. These chips have been widely applied in molecular genetics research and genomic breeding. Particularly in avian genetic breeding, the application of SNP chip technology has significantly enhanced breeding efficiency and accuracy. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of SNP chip technology, focusing on the two major categories: solid-phase chips and liquid-phase chips. The technical principles and unique advantages of each category are thoroughly explored. Additionally, the article summarizes the latest research advancements of SNP chip technology in chicken genetic breeding, detailing its applications and contributions in commercial breeding, identification of important economic trait loci, disease resistance breeding, breed identification, and germplasm resource protection. The findings indicate that SNP chip technology has played a crucial role in promoting genetic improvement in chickens and has provided a powerful tool for the protection of breed diversity. Looking ahead, with further technological advancements, the potential applications of SNP chips in chicken genetic breeding are expected to be even more extensive.

Key words: chicken, SNP, solid-phase chips, liquid-phase chips, breeding

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