饲粮NFC/NDF比例对奶牛瘤胃中微生物尿素氮代谢流的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.029

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper aimed to investigate different energy supply rates simulated by varying the dietary NFC/NDF ratio to elucidate the role of energy supply in regulating urea nitrogen utilization efficiency and urea nitrogen metabolism fluxes of rumen microorganisms, and to provide a reference for the efficient urea utilization. In this study, by in vitro fermentation technique, forty fermentation flasks were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10), and in order to deduct the ¹⁵N abundance background value, conventional urea (n=5) and ¹⁵N-urea (n=5, ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea abundance: 99.08 atom%) were added to each group, and the NFC/NDF ratios of each group were 0.89, 1.10, 1.33, and 1.66, respectively. A 24 h in vitro fermentation was carried out and the fermentation broth was collected for the analysis of fermentation parameters, microbial ¹⁵N abundance and ¹⁵N metabolic flux. The results showed that microbial protein production and urea nitrogen utilization increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary NFC/NDF ratio. Metabolomic analysis showed that dietary NFC/NDF ratios altered metabolic pathways such as the purine metabolism, ammonia cycle, and glutamate metabolism of rumen microorganisms.¹⁵N metabolic flux analysis of labelled metabolic fluxes showed that urea nitrogen fluxed to 34 nitrogen-containing compounds involved in amino acid, nucleotide, and energy metabolism. As the dietary NFC/NDF ratio increased, urea nitrogen flowed more to metabolites such as deoxy thymidylate, UDP-glucose and amino acids, which activated amino acid and nucleotide metabolic pathways. Under the in vitro conditions of this experiment, an increase in the proportion of dietary fast-fermenting carbohydrates promotes the conversion of urea nitrogen to microbial amino acids and nucleotides, improving urea nitrogen utilization and microbial protein production.

Key words: dairy cows, rumen microorganisms, urea-N, isotope labelling

CLC Number:

S823.911.5

ZHANG Shiqi, ZHENG Nan, WANG Jiaqi, ZHAO Shengguo. Effect of Dietary NFC/NDF Ratio on the Metabolic Flux of Microbial Urea Nitrogen in the Rumen of Dairy Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1302-1312.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 33

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项目 Item	瘘管奶牛饲粮 Fistula cow diets	NFC/NDF比例 NFC/NDF ratio
项目 Item	瘘管奶牛饲粮 Fistula cow diets	0.89	1.10	1.33	1.66
饲料组成 Feed ingredients
玉米 Corn	15.67	16.50	22.00	27.00	32.50
豆粕 Soybean meal	7.27	14.00	14.00	14.00	14.00
小麦 Wheat	1.43	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
糖蜜 Molasses	1.37	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
甜菜丝 Shredded beetroot	4.55	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
全棉籽 Whole cottonseed	3.41	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
棉粕 Cotton seed meal	3.83	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
苜蓿干草 Alfalfa hay	7.28	15.50	15.00	15.00	14.50
玉米青贮 Corn silage	51.19	50.00	45.00	40.00	35.00
预混料 Premix¹	4.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
尿素或¹⁵N¹⁵N-尿素 Urea or ¹⁵N¹⁵N-Urea	0.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
合计 Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels²
粗蛋白 CP	17.84	17.11	17.09	17.11	17.10
粗脂肪 EE	2.51	2.60	2.67	2.76	2.83
中性洗涤纤维 NDF	30.11	39.01	35.29	31.58	27.86
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	16.30	24.21	21.91	20.19	18.98
灰分 Ash	7.10	6.61	6.25	6.50	6.10
淀粉 Starch	25.81	25.62	27.58	29.26	31.23
非纤维碳水化合物 NFC	56.25	34.67	38.70	42.05	46.11

项目 Item	NFC/NDF				SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	0.89	1.10	1.33	1.66	SEM	处理 Treatment	时间 Time	交互 Interaction	线性 Linear	二次 Quadratic
pH	5.78	5.74	5.73	5.71	0.14	0.98	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.42
产气量/mL Gas production	11.00^a	10.50^b	10.40^b	10.50^b	0.17	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.85	0.99	0.08
氨氮/(mg·dL^-1) NH₃-N	8.31	7.50	7.70	7.80	0.23	0.09	< 0.01	0.03	0.62	0.49
乙酸/(mmol·L^-1) Acetate	49.31^b	52.62^ab	55.93^a	48.71^b	1.57	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.27	0.39	0.01
丙酸/(mmol·L^-1) Propionate	13.10	14.51	14.52	13.32	0.45	0.06	< 0.01	0.03	0.88	0.28
丁酸/(mmol·L^-1) Butyrate	11.62^b	12.71^ab	13.42^a	11.92^b	0.47	0.05	< 0.01	0.32	0.41	0.01
异丁酸/(mmol·L^-1) Isobutyrate	0.69^b	0.75^ab	0.78^a	0.64^b	0.03	< 0.01	0.71	0.66	0.28	< 0.01
戊酸/(mmol·L^-1) Valerate	1.16	1.62	1.22	0.98	0.19	0.14	0.14	0.53	0.28	0.07
异戊酸/(mmol·L^-1) Isovalerate	1.64^b	1.71^a	1.79^a	1.43^b	0.07	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.33	0.07	< 0.01
总挥发性脂肪酸/(mmol·L^-1) Total volatile fatty acids	77.52^b	83.92^a	87.56^a	76.90^b	2.781	0.01	< 0.01	0.26	0.88	< 0.01

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Effect of Dietary NFC/NDF Ratio on the Metabolic Flux of Microbial Urea Nitrogen in the Rumen of Dairy Cows

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