Abstract: Protoparvovirus (PtPV) is a type of virus that infects various animals or humans and causes a wide range of pathological reactions. During PtPV infection,its capsid protein and non-structural protein play important roles. The capsid protein interacts with receptors on the host cell membrane,allowing PtPV to enter the host cell. Non-structural proteins,on the other hand,play a role in replication within the host cell. PtPV’s non-structural protein NS1 is a key protein that not only plays a role in virus replication but also has oncolytic and lytic properties. Studies have shown that NS1 protein can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis,making ectopic expression of NS1 protein a potential anti-tumor strategy. PtPV’s capsid protein also has a wide range of potential applications as a carrier in gene therapy and drug delivery: the capsid protein assembles into virus-like particles that can load foreign genes or drugs and deliver them to host cells through PtPV’s infection pathway. This virus-based gene or drug delivery system has been widely studied and applied in clinical treatment. Although the key factors and effects of PtPV infection are understood,its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Studies have shown that PtPV may involve the regulation and activation of multiple signaling pathways,including inflammatory responses,DNA damage responses,and cell apoptosis. Although PtPV may cause a variety of diseases,there are currently drugs and vaccines available to prevent or treat PtPV infection,and its capsid protein and non-structural protein have important applications in biotechnology and medicine. In the future,through further research and understanding of PtPV,it may be possible to apply it to new fields and better address the challenges of its infection and related diseases.

Key words: parvovirus, Protoparvovirus, infection, antineoplastic, mechanism