饲粮能量水平对13~18月龄荷斯坦阉牛生产性能和屠宰指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.013

Abstract

Abstract: The effects of different dietary energy levels on production performance and slaughter indicators of 13-18 months old Holstein steers were investigated in this study. Sixty 13-month-old healthy Holstein steers with average body weight of (501.47±40.09) kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 replicates in each group and 1 steer in each replicate. According to the energy level of the diets, 3 groups were low energy group (LE), medium energy group (ME) and high energy group (HE), respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 154 days with a 10-day pretest period and a 144-day formal test period. The comprehensive net energy(NE_mf) of the diets in the early stage of the experiment (97 d) were 5.90, 6.10 and 6.30 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The NE_mf of the diets in the later stage of the experiment (47 d) were 6.10, 6.30 and 6.50 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The crude protein level of the diets in the whole experiment was 11.50%. At the end of the feeding experiment, the production performance and other indicators were measured. Five steers were randomly selected from each group to collect blood sample for determination of blood biochemical indicators and slaughtered for determination of slaughtering performance and meat quality. The results showed that the different dietary energy levels had no significant effect on the average daily gain (ADG) of the Holstein steers during the whole experimental period (P>0.05). Compared with LE group, the feed to gain ratio of HE group was significantly lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between HE group and ME group (P>0.05); With the increase of dietary dietary energy level, the serum glucose content in the HE group was the lowest, which was 16.04% (P<0.05) and 8.99% (P<0.05) lower than those of LE group and ME group, respectively. The content of serum urea nitrogen of ME group was the lowest, which was 8.52% lower than that of LE group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between ME group and HE group (P>0.05). The content of β-hydroxybutyric acid and growth hormone decreased significantly with the increase of dietary energy (P<0.05), and the activity of serum lipoprotein lipase increased with the increase of dietary energy level (P<0.05); With the increase of dietary energy level, body height decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there was no significant effect on body length and heart girth (P>0.05); The loin eye area of Holstein steers increased significantly with the increase of dietary energy level (P<0.05), but the dietary energy level had no effect on dressing percentage, net meat rate and meat to bone ratio (P>0.05); The content of crude fat in longissimus dorsi muscle in HE group was significantly increased (P<0.05) and the content of water was significantly reduced (P<0.05) compared to LE group; The income of ME group was the highest, which was 0.97 yuan·(day·head)^-1 and 1.02 yuan·(day·head)^-1 higher than those of LE group and HE group, respectively. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, when the dietary CP level of 13-18 months old Holstein steers was 11.50%, the suitable NE_mf level in the early period was 6.10 MJ·kg^-1, and the suitable NE_mf level in the later period is 6.30 MJ·kg^-1.

Key words: energy, Holstein steers, growth performance, slaughter indicators

CLC Number:

S823.91

ZHANG Meiqi, LI Yan, LI Shujing, GAO Yanxia, LI Jianguo, CAO Yufeng, LI Qiufeng. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Production Performance and Slaughter Indicators of 13-18 Months Old Holstein Steers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(6): 1295-1305.

References 33

[1]	MARTI S,PÉREZ M,ARIS A,et al.Effect of dietary energy density and meal size on growth performance,eating pattern,and carcass and meat quality in Holstein steers fed high-concentrate diets[J].J Anim Sci,2014,92(8):3515-3525.
[2]	杜玮.不同能量水平和不同营养调控剂对淘汰西门塔尔、荷斯坦奶牛育肥性能和肉品品质影响的比较研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2007.
	DU W.Comparative study on effects of different energy levels and nutrition regulation reagents on fattening performance and meat quality of Simmental and Holstein[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese)
[3]	岳康宁.日粮能量水平对淘汰荷斯坦母牛育肥性能的影响及机理研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2018.
	YUE K N.Influence of dietary energy levels on fattening performance and mechanism of Culling Holstein cows[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[4]	岳康宁,申瑞瑞,李秋凤,等.不同日粮能量水平对370~640kg体重阶段荷斯坦公牛生长性能、屠宰性能以及肉品质的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会,2016:1.
	YUE K N,SHEN R R,LI Q F,et al.Effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Holstein bulls in the 370-640 kg body weight stage[C]//Proceedings of the 12th Symposium on Animal Nutrition,Branch of Animal Nutrition,Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine.Beijing:Chinese Society of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2016:1.(in Chinese)
[5]	王根林.养牛学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
	WANG G L.Cattle science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[6]	周光宏,孙宝忠,刘丽,等.NY/T 676-2003牛肉质量分级[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
	ZHOU G H,SUN B Z,LIU L,et al.NY/T 676-2003 Beef quality grading[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[7]	李昊帮,罗阳,肖建中,等.发酵桑叶对湘西黄牛×利木赞杂交F1代育肥牛屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(1):244-252.
	LI H B,LUO Y,XIAO J Z,et al.Effects of fermented mulberry leaves on slaughter performance,meat quality and contents of amino acid and fatty acid in muscle of Xiangxi yellow cattle×limousin hybrid F1 bulls[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(1):244-252.(in Chinese)
[8]	李晓蒙,李秋凤,曹玉凤,等.日粮能量和蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(19):38-43.
	LI X M,LI Q F,CAO Y F,et al.Influence of dietary energy and protein levels on meat quality of Holstein bulls[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2015,51(19):38-43.(in Chinese)
[9]	张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2009.
	ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and feed quality test technology[M].4rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[10]	KREHBIEL C R,CRANSTON J J,MCCURDY M P.An upper limit for caloric density of finishing diets'[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84(S13):E34-E49.
[11]	王鸿泽.日粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵及肌内脂肪代谢的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2015.
	WANG H Z.Effects of dietary energy concentration on performance,rumen fermentation and intramuscular fat metabolism in yaks fed indoors[D].Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[12]	李义书,侯冠彧,刘诚,等.不同能量水平精料对日本和牛与雷琼牛杂交牛生长性能和血浆生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(5):1219-1225.
	LI Y S,HOU G Y,LIU C,et al.Effects of concentrates with different energy levels on growth performance and plasma biochemical indices in wagyu and Leiqiong crossbreed cattle[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(5):1219-1225.(in Chinese)
[13]	武婷婷,王敏,郭辉,等.不同能量水平的象草饲粮对肉牛生长、消化及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):1178-1184.
	WU T T,WANG M,GUO H,et al.Influences of elephant grass diet with different energy levels on growth,digestion and serum biochemical parameters of beef cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(3):1178-1184.(in Chinese)
[14]	黄文琴,祁敏丽,吕小康,等.饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21~60日龄湖羊生长、消化性能及血清指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(1):105-114.
	HUANG W Q,QI M L,LÜ X K,et al.Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on the growth,digestion performance and serum indexes of 21-60 days old Hu Sheep lambs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,50(1):105-114.(in Chinese)
[15]	崔祥,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同能量水平的饲粮对3~6月龄犊牛生长发育及血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(4):947-961.
	CUI X,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of diets with different energy levels on growth and development and serum indexes of calves aged from 3 to 6 months[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(4):947-961.(in Chinese)
[16]	刘聪,杨萍,毛瑞涛.生长激素对大鼠血糖代谢的影响[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2007,16(11):1165-1166.
	LIU C,YANG P,MAO R T.Effects of growth hormone on blood glucose metabolism in rats[J].Chinese Journal of Emergency Medicine,2007,16(11):1165-1166.(in Chinese)
[17]	OKUDA Y,PEÑA J,CHOU J,et al.Effect of growth hormone on hepatic glucose and insulin metabolism after oral glucose in conscious dogs[J].Am J Physiol,1994,267(3):E454-E460.
[18]	曾书秦.日粮能量水平对7~10月龄育成牛生长、消化代谢及瘤胃内环境的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
	ZENG S Q.Effect of dietary energy level on growth,digestion and metabolism,ruminal environment in heifers aged 7 to 10 months[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2015.(in Chinese)
[19]	陈杰.家畜生理学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
	CHEN J.Physiology of domestic animals[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[20]	宋晓雯,朱风华,王利华,等.饲粮能量水平对育成期崂山奶山羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(2):609-617.
	SONG X W,ZHU F H,WANG L H,et al.Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of growing Laoshan dairy goats[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(2):609-617.(in Chinese)
[21]	巩峰,王建民,王桂芝,等.饲粮不同能量水平对育肥奶山羊公羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(1):208-213.
	GONG F,WANG J M,WANG G Z,et al.Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of fattening male dairy goats[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(1):208-213.(in Chinese)
[22]	李妍,李晓蒙,李秋凤,等.不同营养水平日粮对奶公牛直线育肥性能的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):273-279.
	LI Y,LI X M,LI Q F,et al.Nutrition effects on growth of Holstein bulls[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):273-279.(in Chinese)
[23]	岳康宁,李秋凤,曹玉凤,等.不同能量水平日粮对淘汰荷斯坦育成母牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(2):392-399.
	YUE K N,LI Q F,CAO Y F,et al.Influence of different dietary energy levels on growth performance and slaughter performance of culling Holstein heifers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(2):392-399.(in Chinese)
[24]	黄英俏,杨连玉.脂蛋白脂酶研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2010,31(3):86-89.
	HUANG Y Q,YANG L Y.Progress on lipoprotein lipase[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2010,31(3):86-89.(in Chinese)
[25]	杨超.牦牛脂肪代谢对饲粮能量水平响应的分子机制研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2018.
	YANG C.The response of molecular mechanism of adipose metabolism in yak to different dietary energy levels[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2018.(in Chinese)
[26]	OLIVECRONA G.Role of lipoprotein lipase in lipid metabolism[J].Curr Opin Lipidol,2016,27(3):233-241.
[27]	王琨,昝林森.不同营养水平全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂利杂牛育肥效果分析[J].中国牛业科学,2019,45(4):10-14.
	WANG K,ZAN L S.Effect of feeding TMR at different nutrition levels on the fertilization of limousin crossbred cattle[J].China Cattle Science,2019,45(4):10-14.(in Chinese)
[28]	霍路曼,曹玉凤,高艳霞,等.饲粮能量水平对荷斯坦育成牛生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(2):332-342.
	HUO L M,CAO Y F,GAO Y X,et al.The effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and rumen fermentation in Chinese Holstein heifers[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2019,50(2):332-342.(in Chinese)
[29]	田生花,何成伟,夏玉芬,等.不同能量水平日粮对肉牛产肉性能和肌内脂肪含量的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(7):43-45.
	TIAN S H,HE C W,XIA Y F,et al.Effects of different energy level diets on meat performance and intramuscular fat content of beef cattle[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2010,42(7):43-45.(in Chinese)
[30]	王星凌,游伟,赵洪波,等.提高精补料能量浓度对杂交肉牛育肥性能和效益的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(7):1656-1661.
	WANG X L,YOU W,ZHAO H B,et al.Effects of increasing dietary energy concentration on performance and economic benefits of finishing Simmental crossbred beef cattle[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(7):1656-1661.(in Chinese)
[31]	胡宝利.不同年龄秦川牛胴体性状与肉质性状的研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2001.
	HU B L.The studies of traits of carcass and meat quality in different age of Qinchuan cattle[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2001.(in Chinese)
[32]	PRIOR R L,KOHLMEIER R H,CUNDIFF L V,et al.Influence of dietary energy and protein on growth and carcass composition in different biological types of cattle[J].J Anim Sci,1977,45(1):132-146.
[33]	祝贺.不同等级牛肉品质特点和感官分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
	ZHU H.Quality traits and sensory evaluation of beef in China[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)

Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Production Performance and Slaughter Indicators of 13-18 Months Old Holstein Steers

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 33

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	CAO Jianhua, YANG Baigao, ZHANG Peipei, FENG Xiaoyi, ZHANG Hang, YU Zhou, NIU Yifan, HAO Haisheng, DU Weihua, ZHU Huabin, YANG Ling, ZHAO Xueming. Mechanisms of Negative Energy Balance Affects Follicular Development in Dairy Cattle [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(1): 22-30.
[2]	CHEN Qiwei, QUAN Heng, CHEN Shengli, LIU Donghui, YU Yongfeng, LI Caiyu, GONG Xiaowei, CHU Yuefeng. Functional Analysis of Biotin Uptake by the Energy-coupled Factor Transporter S Component MbBioY of Mycoplasma bovis [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(1): 282-289.
[3]	FU Xiyao, CHEN Lihong, CHEN Xiaoli, SUN Weili, GUO Xiaolan. Study on Dietary Crude Protein Level of 11-17 Weeks Old Female Pheasant [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(7): 2910-2923.
[4]	WANG Mingli, WANG Meng, LI Yansen, XU Shanjin, HAN Guofeng, LI Chunmei. Effect of Different Crude Protein Levels of Artificial Crop Milk on Growth Performance,Serum Antioxidant Level and Intestinal Development of Squabs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1545-1554.
[5]	WANG Weihao, DUAN Yan, WANG Hongdi, DOU Lu, LIU Ting, KANG Letian, SUN Lina, AO Tehenggerile, JIN Ye. Effects of Feeding Regimens on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality and Rumen Bacteria Community of Sunit Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1085-1094.
[6]	YAN Qiongxian, CHEN Wenxun, HUI Haoyang, PENG Can, TANG Shaoxun, ZHOU Xiaoling, TAN Zhiliang. Effects of Zearalenone on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Fermentation and Microbiota Community Structure of Goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1109-1123.
[7]	SU Dan, WEN Xiaobin, MA Teng, ZHONG Ruqing, WANG Yang, CHEN Liang. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Inflammatory Factors in Broilers [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(11): 4851-4859.
[8]	FENG Xiaoyi, HAO Haisheng, DU Weihua, ZHU Huabin, CUI Kai, ZHAO Xueming. Progress in Mechanism of Reduced Fertility in Dairy Cows due to Negative Energy Balance [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4050-4060.
[9]	LIU Pan, LI Ruiqi, TAN Zhankun, WANG Yifei, CHEN Xiaochen, HE Weixian, DU Renrang, MA Jian, CHU Guiyan, CAI Chuanjiang. Effects of High Fiber Diet on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Intestinal Microbiome of Growing-finishing Pigs [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4247-4259.
[10]	GUO Yanhong, TANG Jing, ZHANG Bo, CAO Junting, GUO Zhanbao, XIE Ming, ZHOU Zhengkui, WU Yongbao, WEN Zhiguo. Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Methionine Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Plasma Biochemical Parameters for Growing Pekin Ducks [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4278-4288.
[11]	CHANG Weichen, LI Shuaiqi, LI Yan, YAN Wei, ZHANG Hongying, WANG Yanbin, YANG Mingfan, ZHANG Angke. Effect of Pulsatilla Powder Prescription Decoction Ferments on Intestinal Barrier Function of Piglets Infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4403-4410.
[12]	WEI Xiao, ZHANG Jiantong, LONG Tanghui, LI Kairong, LI Yanjiao, OUYANG Kehui, QIU Qinghua. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Composition of Hu Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 3042-3051.
[13]	WANG Jian, CHEN Xueping, LI Jichang. Effects of Lactobacillus salivary on Growth Performance and Lung Injury of Broilers Challenged with Mycoplasma gallisepticum [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 3172-3179.
[14]	LU Jian, WANG Kehua, YANG Xiaodong, WANG Xingguo, LI Yongfeng, MA Meng, DOU Taocun, HU Yuping, GUO Jun, LI Shangmin, QU Liang. Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy Levels during Rearing on Growth and Development of Rugao Yellow Chicken at the Initiation of the Laying Period [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(7): 2215-2227.
[15]	CHE Dalu, CHENG Sucai, ZHANG Weitao, ZHAO Juanjuan, LIU Aiyu, LI Xiaoyu, ZHOU Yinghao, GAO Yuhong, SUN Xinsheng, LI Xuemei. Effects of Huopopuling Powder on Growth Performance, Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Fattening Lambs under Heat Stress [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(6): 1829-1840.