宁夏地区牛支原体、溶血性曼氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染监测与分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来牛呼吸道疾病常被报道，牛呼吸道疾病对牛业有着严重危害，牛呼吸道疾病的大肆流行会为养殖场带来不可逆转的损失。为揭示近年来宁夏回族自治区犊牛呼吸道主要病原体牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis, M. bovis)、溶血性曼氏杆菌(Mannheimia hyopneumoniae, Mh)、多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida, Pm)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumonia, K.pn)的流行情况，本研究采用形态观察结合分子生物学检测方法，对2022—2024年间采集自宁夏地区不同县/区的457份牛鼻拭子及组织样品进行了病原分离及分子生物学检测鉴定病原体。系统分析了宁夏不同年份、不同地区、不同季节、不同生长阶段肉牛感染M. bovis、Mh、Pm、K.pn的情况。结果显示，Pm在四种病原体中检出率最高(38.73%)，极显著高于其他三种病原体(P < 0.001)；中部干旱带M. bovis检出率极显著高于引黄灌区(P < 0.01)和南部山区(P < 0.001)；冬季M. bovis(50%)和K.pn(70.5%)检出率均为最高且极显著高于夏秋季(P<0.001)；Pm秋季检出率最高(45.3%)，极显著高于冬季(P < 0.01)和春季(P < 0.001)；育成期牛Pm检出率极显著高于哺乳期和成熟期(P < 0.001)；单一Pm检出率最高(16.85%)，显著高于混合感染检出率(P < 0.01)；Mh+Pm(7.22%)混合感染率最高。本研究从多个角度调查及分析了宁夏地区牛支原体、溶血性曼氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的发生规律，总结不同时间、地区、生长阶段等因素对牛呼吸系统疾病检出率的影响，为宁夏地区牛呼吸道主要细菌感染防治提供了科学依据。

关键词: 宁夏地区, 牛支原体, 溶血性曼氏杆菌, 多杀性巴氏杆菌, 肺炎克雷伯菌

Abstract:

In recent years, bovine respiratory diseases have been increasingly reported, posing significant threats to the cattle industry. Large-scale outbreaks can result in substantial and often irreversible economic losses for livestock operations. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of key respiratory pathogens—Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis), Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh), Pasteurella multocida (Pm), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pn) —in calves from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. A total of 457 nasal swab and tissue samples were collected from cattle across various counties and districts in Ningxia between 2022 and 2024. Pathogen identification was conducted using a combination of morphological examination and molecular diagnostic techniques. The infection rates of M. bovis, Mh, Pm, and K.pn were systematically analyzed based on year, geographic region, season, and developmental stage of the cattle. Among the four pathogens studied, Pm exhibited the highest overall detection rate (38.73%), a difference that was highly significant compared with the other three pathogens (P < 0.001). In the central arid zone, the prevalence of M. bovis was significantly greater than in both the Yellow River irrigation area (P < 0.01) and the southern mountainous region (P < 0.001). Seasonally, winter yielded peak detection rates for M. bovis (50%) and K.pn (70.5%), both of which exceeded summer and autumn rates (P < 0.001). Conversely, Pm reached its highest autumn prevalence (45.3%), significantly surpassing its winter (P < 0.01) and spring (P < 0.001) levels. During the growing phase, Pm detection was markedly higher than during both the lactation and mature phases (P < 0.001). Finally, single Pm infections were the most common (16.85%), significantly outnumbering mixed infections (P < 0.01), and the most frequent mixed co-infection occurred with Mh+Pm at 7.22%. This comprehensive epidemiological analysis delineates how temporal, geographical, seasonal, and developmental variables affect bovine respiratory pathogen prevalence in Ningxia, thereby furnishing a scientific framework to guide targeted prevention and control strategies for bacterial respiratory infections in the region.

Key words: Ningxia region, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae

中图分类号:

S858.235.1

李家任, 郭亚男, 王建东, 邵喜成, 王学义, 何生虎. 宁夏地区牛支原体、溶血性曼氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染监测与分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5721-5731.

LI Jiaren, GUO Ya'nan, WANG Jiandong, SHAO Xicheng, WANG Xueyi, HE Shenghu. Surveillance and Analysis of Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Klebsiella pneumonia in Ningxia Region[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5721-5731.

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分组依据 Grouping basis	组别 Group	采集样本数/份 Number of collected samples
区域 Area	引黄灌区Yellow river irrigation district	282
	中部干旱带The central arid belt	48
	南部山区Southern mountainous area	127
年份 Year	2022年2022	261
	2023年2023	56
	2024年2024	140
季节 Season	春季Spring	106
	夏季Summer	243
	秋季Autumn	64
	冬季Winter	44
年龄阶段 Age stage	哺乳期Lactation period	299
	育成期Rearing period	130
	成熟期Maturity period	28

病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	目的基因 Target genes	引物序列(5′→ 3′) Primer sequences	产物大小/bp Product size	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature
多杀性巴氏杆菌 Pm	kmt 1	F: ATC CGC TAT TTA CCC AGT G	456	56
多杀性巴氏杆菌 Pm	kmt 1	R: GCT GTA AAC GAA CTC GCC	456	56
溶血性曼氏杆菌 Mh	gcp	F: TGG GCA ATA CGA ACT ACG GG	227	55
溶血性曼氏杆菌 Mh	gcp	R: CTT TAA TCG TAT TCG ACA GC	227	55
肺炎克雷伯菌 K.pn	Khe	F: TTC ATC TAC GTG CTG GAG GG	192	56
肺炎克雷伯菌 K.pn	Khe	R: CGG GTA ATA AAT GCG GTT GT	192	56
牛支原体 M. bovis	uvrC	F: GAATTCAATGTGTCTACTAGTC-CTGG	1 600	50
牛支原体 M. bovis	uvrC	R: AAGCTTAGCGT-CATAGATTTTTGCATA	1 600	50

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