家兔基因组学研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

家兔是全球广泛应用于经济、科学研究和应用领域的家养动物之一，深入研究家兔基因组信息对家兔遗传多样性评估、功能基因挖掘、品种遗传改良和资源保护等具有重要意义。本文综合分析了近年家兔的起源驯化、基因组资源、比较基因组学和功能基因组学的重要成果，探讨了目前已公布的家兔核基因组和线粒体基因组参考序列，总结了家兔重要经济性状相关候选基因的研究进展，旨在为家兔的遗传育种工作提供参考。

关键词: 家兔, 基因组学, 起源与驯化, 比较基因组学, 功能基因组学

Abstract:

The domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is one of the most widely utilized domesticated animals globally in economic, scientific research, and applied fields. In-depth exploration of rabbit genomic information holds significant importance for assessing genetic diversity, identifying functional genes, advancing breed genetic improvement, and conserving rabbit resources. This review synthesizes critical advancements in recent years regarding rabbit origin and domestication, genomic resources, comparative genomics, and functional genomics. It examines published nuclear and mitochondrial genome reference sequences of domestic rabbits and summarizes research progress on candidate genes linked to key economic traits, with the aim of providing references for genetic breeding efforts in domestic rabbits.

Key words: rabbit, genomics, origin and domestication, comparative genomics, functional genomics

中图分类号:

S829.1

常铄, 孙秀柱, 任战军, 王淑辉. 家兔基因组学研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3578-3590.

CHANG Shuo, SUN Xiuzhu, REN Zhanjun, WANG Shuhui. Research Progress in Rabbit Genomics[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3578-3590.

图/表 2

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样本来源 Sample source	性状 Trait	候选基因 Candidate gene	参考文献 Reference
加利福尼亚兔和康大5系兔杂交F2代 Hybrid F2 generation of California rabbit and Kangda 5-line rabbit	体重、生长速度	LDB2、KCNIP4、PPARGC1A、GBA3、SHISA3、GNA13和FGF10	[52]
加利福尼亚兔和康大5系兔杂交F2代 Hybrid F2 generation of California rabbit and Kangda 5-line rabbit	体重、日增重	ABTB2、CDH11、CNTNAP5、JARID2、PPP1R3A、GPX5和GPX6	[53]
康大5系兔 Kangda 5-line rabbit	体长	RPL13、PSD2、ZNF12、CKAP2和INSYN2A	[54]
加利福尼亚兔和康大5系兔杂交F1代 Hybrid F1 generation of California rabbit and Kangda 5-line rabbit	生长、胴体和肉质性状	GD4、DNM1L、ADAM7和SLC39A6	[55]
天府黑兔Tianfu black rabbit	体重	CASP3	[56]
伊普吕肉兔 Hyplus rabbits	生长性状	FRZB、SRA1、UCP2、SOCS2、TIAM2、AUTS2、ROR2、CSRP3、MYL3和SMAD3	[40]

基因座 Locus	基因 Gene	等位基因 Allele	毛皮性状 Fur characteristics	参考文献 Reference
Rex 1	LIPH	R¹	有护毛和芒毛(野生型)	[70]
		r¹	无护毛和芒毛，有绒毛	[70]
Extension	MC1R	E^D	显性黑色	[71]
		E^S	钢青色	[71]
		e^J	日本斑纹	[72]
		e	隐形黄/红色	[71-72]
Albino	TYR	C	正常黑色素生成	[73-74]
		c	白化病	[73-74]
Dilute	MLPH	D	深黑色和红色(野生型)	[75-77]
		d	蓝色和黄色	[75-77]
Brown	TYRP1	B	产生真黑色素和褐黑色素(野生型)	[78]
		b	产生褐黑色素	[78]
English spotting	KIT	en	无斑点(野生型)	[79]
		En	英式斑点	[79]

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