家畜精液冷冻保存技术研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.003

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 3591-3600.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.003

家畜精液冷冻保存技术研究进展

李宇¹(), 别志文², 陈帅³, 李炳志¹, 侯金星¹, 任科润⁴, 邓彦卓⁴, 吴强⁴, 胡建宏²^,*()

1. 杨凌职业技术学院动物工程学院, 反刍动物高效繁育技术陕西省高等学校重点实验室, 杨凌 712100
2. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 杨凌 712100
3. 陕西省畜牧产业试验示范中心, 泾阳 713702
4. 富平县畜牧发展中心, 富平 711700

收稿日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-08-23 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 胡建宏 E-mail:yuli0912@126.com;hjh19732008@126.com
作者简介:李宇(1993-)，男，陕西富平人，博士，讲师，主要从事动物生殖生理调控研究，E-mail：yuli0912@126.com
基金资助:
杨凌职业技术学院“博士+高职生”工作室建设项目(BG2023-007)；院士工作室科研项目(YS2023-010)；陕西省重点研发计划(2024NC-ZDCYL-03-02)；陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(2024NYGG005)

Research Progress on Cryopreservation of Livestock Semen

LI Yu¹(), BIE Zhiwen², CHEN Shuai³, LI Bingzhi¹, HOU Jinxing¹, REN Kerun⁴, DENG Yanzhuo⁴, WU Qiang⁴, HU Jianhong²^,*()

1. Key Laboratory for Efficient Ruminant Breeding Technology of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, China
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
3. Shaanxi Animal Husbandry Experimental and Demonstration Center, Jingyang 713702, China
4. Animal Husbandry Development Center of Fuping County, Fuping 711700, China

Received:2025-01-10 Online:2025-08-23 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: HU Jianhong E-mail:yuli0912@126.com;hjh19732008@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精液冷冻保存技术对于延长优良种公畜精液的保存时间，推动家畜人工授精技术的发展，充分发挥优良种公畜的种用价值，进一步提高家畜生产性能有着重要意义。但是，由于精子在冷冻保存过程中外界环境变化而产生氧化应激，致使精子细胞结构受损，精液冷冻保存效果降低。因此，本文综述了精液冷冻保存方法和评估指标，并对精液冷冻稀释液成分进行了分析，为精液冷冻保存技术的研究和发展提供参考。

关键词: 精液, 冷冻保存技术, 稀释液

Abstract:

Semen cryopreservation technology is of great significance to prolong the storage time of semen of fine breed male animals, promote the development of artificial insemination technology of livestock, give full play to the breeding value of fine breed male animals, and further improve the production performance of livestock. However, due to oxidative stress caused by changes in the external environment during cryopreservation of sperm, the structure of sperm cells is damaged, and the effect of cryopreservation of semen is reduced. Therefore, the methods and evaluation indexes of semen cryopreservation were reviewed in this paper, and the components of semen cryopreservation diluent were analyzed to provide reference for the research and development of semen cryopreservation technology.

Key words: semen, cryopreservation technology, diluent

中图分类号:

S814

李宇, 别志文, 陈帅, 李炳志, 侯金星, 任科润, 邓彦卓, 吴强, 胡建宏. 家畜精液冷冻保存技术研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3591-3600.

LI Yu, BIE Zhiwen, CHEN Shuai, LI Bingzhi, HOU Jinxing, REN Kerun, DENG Yanzhuo, WU Qiang, HU Jianhong. Research Progress on Cryopreservation of Livestock Semen[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3591-3600.

图/表 2

表 1

表 2

各类型抗氧化剂对家畜精液冷冻保存效果的影响"

添加剂 Additive	类型 Type	效果 Effect	参考文献 Reference
超氧化物歧化酶SOD	酶类	冻融精子运动能力、活力和顶体完整性显著提高，受精能力提高。	[33, 34]
过氧化氢酶CAT	酶类	冻融精子运动能力、活力和顶体完整性显著提高。
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px	酶类	精子冷冻-解冻后的运动参数、活力显著提高
黄芪多糖 Astragalus polysaccharides	植物提取物	提升奶山羊冻融精子质量，降低细胞内ROS含量和MDA含量，提升精子抗氧化能力以及能量代谢水平。	[35]
茯苓多糖 Poria cocos polysaccharide	植物提取物	猪冻融精子SOD与CAT的酶活性上升，减少精子冷冻-解冻过程引起的DNA甲基化。	[36]
黄岑多糖 Huangcen polysaccharide	植物提取物	猪冻融精子运动能力、顶体完整率、DNA完整率和精子抗氧化酶活性均有提高	[37]
香菇多糖 Lentinan	植物提取物	提高精子冷冻-解冻后活率、质膜完整率和顶体完整率和抗氧化能力。	[38, 39]
茶多酚Tea polyphenols	植物提取物	提高绵羊冻融精子质膜和顶体完整率	[40]
葡萄籽原花青素 Grape seed proanthocyanidins	植物提取物	增强牛精子抗氧化能力，对牛冻融精子受精能力具有一定的保护作用。	[41]
绿原酸、咖啡酸 Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid	植物提取物	提高雷州山羊冻融精子品质和抗氧化性能	[42]
白藜芦醇Resveratrol	植物提取物	提高绵羊精子解冻后的运动能力、顶体完整性，并降低精子内ROS含量。	[43]
益母草碱Motherwort alkaloid	植物提取物	提升绵羊冻融精子抗氧化能力，具有抗凋亡，提高受胎率的作用。	[44]
辣木叶提取物 Moringa oleifera leaf extract	植物提取物	提高解冻后的牛精子活力、活率和质膜完整性，减少氧化应激。	[45]
茴香脑Anisole	植物提取物	维持绵羊冻融精子线粒体活性，增强其受精能力。	[46]
黄芪、针叶樱桃和竹叶提取物混合剂 Extracts of astragalus membranaceus, acerola cherry and bamboo leaf	植物提取物	显著降低了湖羊精子冷冻-解冻后的ROS含量，并提高了母羊受胎率。	[47]
维生素C、维生素E Vitamin C, vitamin E	维生素	二者均可提高精子质量、线粒体等细胞结构完整性和抗氧化能力，减少DNA损伤。	[48-50]
谷氨酰胺Glutamine	氨基酸	显著提升精子解冻后活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率、运动能力和线粒体膜电位，降低脂质过氧化水平，可以替代部分甘油。	[51-54]
半胱氨酸Cysteine	氨基酸	降低冻融精子内ROS水平，提高精子运动能力、活力和抗氧化能力，保持精子细胞结构的完整性。	[55-57]
N-乙酰半胱氨酸 N-acetylcysteine	氨基酸	增强山羊冻融精子抗氧化能力以及相关基因表达。	[58]
羧化ε-聚-L-赖氨酸 Carboxylated ε -poly-L-lysine	氨基酸	增强了山羊冻融精子的线粒体膜电位，并降低了精子内的ROS水平。	[59]
胰岛素样生长因子 Insulin like growth factor	/	增强了山羊精子抗氧化活性和与受精相关的mRNA表达	[60]
丝胶蛋白Sericin protein	/	提高山羊精子冷冻-解冻后的精子活力、顶体和质膜完整率以及线粒体膜电位和ATP含量。	[61]
褪黑素Melatonin	/	显著提高山羊冻融精子抗氧化能力。	[62]
丁基羟基甲苯 Butylated hydroxytoluene	/	减少山羊精子冷冻保存过程中ROS的产生，增强精子抗氧化能力。	[63]

表 2

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添加剂 Additive	效果 Effect	参考文献 Reference
海藻糖Trehalose	提升精子冷冻-解冻后的活力、活率、运动能力、DNA完整性、质膜和顶体完整率并保护精子膜蛋白。	[23-27]
乳糖，蔗糖Lactose, sucrose	冻融精子活率、运动能力、质膜和顶体完整率均有提升，蔗糖效果不如乳糖。	[28, 29]

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家畜精液冷冻保存技术研究进展

Research Progress on Cryopreservation of Livestock Semen

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