西藏自治区10个黄牛群体的mtDNA遗传多样性与母系起源研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究西藏自治区10个黄牛群体的线粒体基因组遗传多样性及其母系起源。本研究通过线粒体基因组序列比对对西藏自治区10个黄牛群体的167个个体的线粒体基因组序列进行分析，重点探究其线粒体基因组遗传多样性及其母系起源。通过系统发育学和遗传多样性分析，检测到167个黄牛拥有120种单倍型，其中包括普通牛的T2、T3和T4单倍型，原牛的Q单倍型；瘤牛的I1和I2单倍型；以及牦牛的单倍型。T3单倍型还包括T3₁₁₉和T3₀₅₅两个东亚普通牛特异的亚单倍型。线粒体基因组遗传多样性分析结果显示，巴桑牛的单倍型多样度最高，为0.990±0.028，白朗牛的最低，为0.867±0.107；核苷酸多样度最高的为吉隆牛0.030±0.000 5，最低的为日喀则牛0.001±0.000 2。系统发育树和单倍型网络图表明，10个黄牛群体主要为普通牛母系起源，有少量牦牛及瘤牛母系起源。总体而言，10个黄牛群体均具有较高的遗传多样性，具有普通牛、瘤牛和牦牛的母系起源，表明这10个黄牛群体母系遗传多样性丰富，并且和牦牛之间存在基因交流。这些结果对于深入理解西藏自治区黄牛的遗传演化机制以及合理保护和利用这一珍贵遗传资源具有重要意义。

关键词: 西藏自治区, 牛, mtDNA基因组, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of the mitochondrial genome and maternal origin of cattle in Tibet Autonomous Region. In this study, the genetic diversity and their maternal origin of 167 individuals from 10 populations in Tibet Autonomous Region were analyzed by comparing mitochondrial genome. Through phylogenetic and genetic diversity analysis, 120 haplotypes from 167 individuals were detected including the T2, T3 and T4 haplotypes of taurine cattle; the Q haplotype of Bos primigenius; the I1 and I2 haplotypes of indicine cattle; and the haplotype of yak. The T3 haplotype also included T3₁₁₉ and T3₀₅₅, two subhaplotypes specific to East Asian taurine cattle. The results of genetic diversity analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity of Basang cattle was the highest (0.990±0.028), while the lowest was Bailang cattle (0.867±0.107), the highest nucleotide diversity was Jilong cattle (0.030±0.000 5), and the lowest was Shigatse cattle (0.001±0.000 2). The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network diagram revealed that the 10 cattle groups were mainly of taurine origin, and a small number of yak and indicine origin. Overall, the 10 cattle populations all presented high genetic diversity, with the maternal origins of taurine cattle, indicine cattle and yak, indicating that the maternal genetic diversity of cattle was high and that there was genetic exchange with yak. These results are important for understanding the genetic evolution, protection and utilization of valuable genetic resource of cattle in Tibet Autonomous Region

Key words: Tibet Autonomous Region, cattle, mtDNA genome, genetic diversity

中图分类号:

S823.2

姚婷婷, 李昊, 阎卉萱, 曹一凡, 次仁罗布, 索朗曲吉, 尼玛仓决, 赵丽, 旦增洛桑, 斯朗旺姆, 巴桑珠扎, 陈宁博. 西藏自治区10个黄牛群体的mtDNA遗传多样性与母系起源研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2194-2202.

YAO Tingting, LI Hao, YAN Huixuan, CAO Yifan, Cirengluobu , Suolangquji , Nimacangjue , ZHAO Li, Danzengluosang , Silangwangmu , Basangzhuzha , CHEN Ningbo. Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial Genome and Maternal Origin of 10 Cattle Populations in Tibet Autonomous Region[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2194-2202.

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群体名 Population name	T	C	A	G	A+T	C+G
白朗Bailang	27.21	25.96	33.46	13.37	60.67^a	39.33^b
巴桑Basang	27.19	25.94	33.40	13.45	60.59^a	39.39^b
果林Guolin	27.19	25.94	33.42	13.44	60.61^a	39.38^b
浪卡子Langkazi	27.20	25.94	33.43	13.41	60.63^a	39.35^b
亚东Yadong	27.18	25.94	33.42	13.44	60.60^a	39.38^b
吉隆Jilong	27.19	25.92	33.50	13.36	60.69^a	39.28^b
定结Dingjie	27.20	25.93	33.43	13.40	60.63^a	39.33^b
昌都Changdu	27.23	25.90	33.48	13.38	60.71^a	39.28^b
林芝Linzhi	27.21	25.92	33.48	13.38	60.69^a	39.30^b
日喀则Shigatse	27.20	25.95	33.40	13.40	60.60^a	39.35^b
平均Average	27.20	25.93	33.44	13.40	60.64^a	39.34^b

群体名 Population name	样品数 Number	单倍型 Haplotype	单倍型多样度 Haplotype variety	核苷酸多样度 Nucleotide diversity	平均核苷酸差异 Mean nucleotide differences
白朗Bailang	10	7	0.867±0.107	0.022±0.000 7	363.911
巴桑Basang	15	14	0.990±0.028	0.003±0.000 3	40.705
果林Guolin	22	15	0.965±0.022	0.009±0.000 6	150.922
浪卡子Langkazi	10	8	0.978±0.054	0.016±0.000 7	257.044
亚东Yadong	10	8	0.956±0.059	0.006±0.000 4	94.622
吉隆Jilong	36	23	0.965±0.019	0.030±0.000 5	480.624
定结Dingjie	36	25	0.977±0.011	0.012±0.000 5	197.998
昌都Changdu	8	7	0.964±0.077	0.027±0.000 8	439.786
林芝Linzhi	12	7	0.924±0.047	0.026±0.000 7	422.697
日喀则Shigatse	8	6	0.944±0.070	0.001±0.000 2	16.722
均值Average	-	-	0.953±0.049	0.015 ±0.000 5	-

群体名 Population name	样品数量 Number	支系Branch
群体名 Population name	样品数量 Number	T2	T3	T3₀₅₅	T3₁₁₉	T4	I1	I2	Q	Yak
白朗Bailang	10	0	1	0	7	0	0	0	0	2
巴桑Basang	15	0	9	0	3	2	1	0	0	0
果林Guolin	22	0	9	1	8	0	3	0	0	1
浪卡子Langkazi	10	1	2	0	3	1	0	1	1	1
亚东Yadong	10	2	5	0	1	0	2	0	0	0
吉隆Jilong	36	0	8	0	4	0	6	7	1	10
定结Dingjie	36	1	7	1	18	2	3	0	1	3
昌都Changdu	8	0	1	2	2	1	0	0	0	2
林芝Linzhi	12	0	6	0	2	0	0	0	1	3
日喀则Shigatse	8	2	0	0	5	0	0	0	1	0
合计Total	167	6	48	4	53	6	15	8	5	22
占比/% Proportion	100	3.59	28.74	2.40	31.74	3.59	8.98	4.79	2.99	13.17

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