头胎荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮及其与产奶性状和体细胞评分的遗传分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.018

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 5527-5537.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.018

头胎荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮及其与产奶性状和体细胞评分的遗传分析

张淼¹^,²(), 裴芬³(), 鞠林⁴, 赵秀新³, 杨健³, 薛光辉³, 徐千雯³, 刘燕³, 张元沛³, 蔡高占³, 高运东¹, 俞英²^,*(), 王晓¹^,*(), 李建斌¹^,*()

1. 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250100
2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 北京 100193
3. 山东奥克斯畜牧种业有限公司, 济南 250100
4. 山东农业大学动物科技学院, 泰安 271018

收稿日期:2024-06-19 出版日期:2024-12-23 发布日期:2024-12-27
通讯作者: 俞英,王晓,李建斌 E-mail:zm13203163161@163.com;1615434703@qq.com;yuying@cau.edu.cn;xiaowangzntc@163.com;msdljb@163.com
作者简介:张淼(1998-), 女, 河北承德人, 硕士, 主要从事动物遗传育种研究, E-mail: zm13203163161@163.com
裴芬(1998-), 女, 安徽宣城人, 硕士, 主要从事动物遗传育种研究, E-mail: 1615434703@qq.com
第一联系人：
张淼和裴芬为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发项目(2021YFF1000701-06;2023ZD0404901-05);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36);山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2023QC252);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021MC070);泰山学者青年专家项目(tsqnz20231240)

Genetic Analysis of Milk Urea Nitrogen, Milk Production Traits, and Somatic Cell Score in First Lactation of Holstein Cattle

ZHANG Miao¹^,²(), PEI Fen³(), JU Lin⁴, ZHAO Xiuxin³, YANG Jian³, XUE Guanghui³, XU Qianwen³, LIU Yan³, ZHANG Yuanpei³, CAI Gaozhan³, GAO Yundong¹, YU Ying²^,*(), WANG Xiao¹^,*(), LI Jianbin¹^,*()

1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3. Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China

Received:2024-06-19 Online:2024-12-23 Published:2024-12-27
Contact: YU Ying, WANG Xiao, LI Jianbin E-mail:zm13203163161@163.com;1615434703@qq.com;yuying@cau.edu.cn;xiaowangzntc@163.com;msdljb@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究山东省荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮的遗传参数及其与产奶性状(产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率)和体细胞评分的遗传相关和表型相关。本研究使用山东省2016—2022年间15 497头头胎荷斯坦牛的99 732条DHI记录数据，将场、产犊年、产犊季节、产犊月龄、泌乳阶段效应作为固定效应，以个体加性遗传效应以及永久环境效应作为随机效应，利用DMU软件，采用AI-REML结合EM算法配合重复力模型进行遗传参数估计。结果显示：乳尿素氮、产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞评分的遗传力分别为0.129、0.252、0.188、0.257、0.110，均为中低遗传力；重复力分别为0.132、0.513、0.231、0.320、0.339，除乳尿素氮外，均为中等重复力；乳尿素氮与产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞评分的遗传相关分别为：-0.02、0.20、0.04和-0.11；表型相关分别为：0.01、0.05、0.01和-0.015近乎为0。结果表明，乳尿素氮与产奶性状及体细胞评分存在较弱遗传和表型相关，在不影响产奶性状的前提下，对乳尿素氮这一性状进行选择是可能的，同时可以将其纳入荷斯坦牛育种工作中。

关键词: 乳尿素氮, 中国荷斯坦牛, 遗传分析

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to study the genetic parameters of milk urea nitrogen and its genetic and phenotypic correlations with milk production traits (milk yield, milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage) and somatic cell score in Holstein cows in Shandong Province. In this study, we used data from 99 732 DHI records of 15 497 first-calf Chinese Holstein cows in Shandong Province between 2016 and 2022, and the effects of farm, calving year, calving season, calving age in months, and stage of lactation were used as fixed effects, and individual additive genetic effects as well as permanent environmental effects were used as random effects, the genetic parameters were estimated using the DMU software, and AI-REML combined with the EM algorithm with the repetition force model for genetic parameter estimation.The results showed that the heritability of milk urea nitrogen, milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and somatic cell score were 0.129, 0.252, 0.188, 0.257, 0.110, respectively, which were low to medium heritability; the repeatability was 0.132, 0.513, 0.231, 0.320, 0.339, respectively, which were medium repeatability except for milk urea nitrogen; the genetic correlation between milk urea nitrogen and milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and somatic cell score had genetic correlations of -0.02, 0.20, 0.04 and -0.11, respectively; and phenotypic correlations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.01 and -0.015 were near zero, respectively. The results indicate that milk urea nitrogen has a weak genetic and phenotypic correlation with milk production traits and somatic cell score. Therefore, it is feasible to select for milk urea nitrogen without adversely affecting milk production traits, as well as incorporating it into Holstein cattle breeding efforts

Key words: milk urea nitrogen, Chinese Holstein, genetic analysis

中图分类号:

S823.2

张淼, 裴芬, 鞠林, 赵秀新, 杨健, 薛光辉, 徐千雯, 刘燕, 张元沛, 蔡高占, 高运东, 俞英, 王晓, 李建斌. 头胎荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮及其与产奶性状和体细胞评分的遗传分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(12): 5527-5537.

ZHANG Miao, PEI Fen, JU Lin, ZHAO Xiuxin, YANG Jian, XUE Guanghui, XU Qianwen, LIU Yan, ZHANG Yuanpei, CAI Gaozhan, GAO Yundong, YU Ying, WANG Xiao, LI Jianbin. Genetic Analysis of Milk Urea Nitrogen, Milk Production Traits, and Somatic Cell Score in First Lactation of Holstein Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5527-5537.

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效应名称 Effect name	自由度 df	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
牛场Herd	18	3 442.954	< 0.001
产犊年Calving year	7	256.034	< 0.001
产犊季节Calving season	2	6.058	< 0.05
产犊月龄Calving month	3	1 170.762	< 0.001
泌乳阶段Lactation stage	9	10.524	< 0.01

性状 Trait	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	平均值 Average	标准差 SD
乳尿素氮/(mg·dL^-1) MUN	17.94	6.88	12.53	2.34
产奶量/kg MY	49.71	12.26	33.82	7.48
乳蛋白率/% MPP	4.10	2.64	3.30	0.28
乳脂率/% MFP	5.65	2.15	3.78	0.70
体细胞评分SCS	6	0	2.24	1.45

牛场 Herd	MUN平均值/ (mg·dL^-1) Average	标准差 SD	数据记录量 Data record
1	11.85^h	2.34	3 530
2	12.02^f	2.44	3 442
3	12.23^f	2.36	3 232
4	12.23^f	2.21	3 304
5	12.60^d	2.36	3 927
6	11.56ⁱ	2.11	3 009
7	11.52ⁱ	2.48	3 168
8	11.27^j	2.15	4 160
9	12.57^d	2.30	4 687
10	11.61ⁱ	2.41	5 268
11	12.53^de	2.14	2 982
12	12.50^d	2.23	3 159
13	12.23^f	2.29	3 743
14	12.86^c	2.40	4 507
15	13.55^a	2.39	5 871
16	12.47^e	2.58	7 945
17	12.60^d	2.32	9 088
18	13.39^b	1.90	11 805
19	12.93^c	2.01	12 906

产犊年 Calving year	MUN平均值/ (mg·dL^-1)Average	标准差 SD	数据记录量 Data records
2015年	12.29^d	2.42	465
2016年	11.89^d	2.43	3 466
2017年	11.83^e	2.12	4 840
2018年	12.25^d	2.24	7 791
2019年	12.31^d	2.36	9 377
2020年	12.80^b	3.43	21 149
2021年	12.39^c	3.24	35 448
2022年	13.09^a	2.34	17 196

产犊季节 Calving season	MUN平均值/ (mg·dL^-1) Average	标准差 SD	数据记录 Data record
春、秋季Spring, autumn	12.55^b	3.35	54 470
夏季Summer	12.62^a	2.30	21 374
冬季Winter	12.44^c	2.36	23 888

头胎荷斯坦牛乳尿素氮及其与产奶性状和体细胞评分的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Milk Urea Nitrogen, Milk Production Traits, and Somatic Cell Score in First Lactation of Holstein Cattle

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产犊月龄 Calving month	MUN平均值/ (mg·dL^-1) Average	标准差 SD	数据记录 Data record
22~25	12.58^a	2.33	80 726
26~29	12.36^b	2.38	15 799
30~33	12.16^c	2.40	2 552
34~38	12.08^c	2.38	655

泌乳阶段/d Lactation stage	MUN平均值/ (mg·dL^-1) Average	标准差 SD	数据记录量 Data record
5~35	11.93^e	2.33	8 544
36~65	12.06^d	2.29	10 079
66~95	12.43^c	2.31	10 794
96~125	12.59^b	2.30	11 158
126~155	12.71^c	2.33	11 266
156~185	12.74^a	2.43	11 209
186~215	12.79^a	2.31	11 079
216~245	12.73^a	2.34	10 218
246~275	12.70^a	2.35	9 378
276~305	12.70^a	2.37	6 007

性状 Trait	加性遗传方差 σ_a²	永久环境方差 σ_pe²	残差方差 σ_e²	遗传力 h²	重复力 r²
乳尿素氮MUN	0.88	0.017	5.90	0.129	0.132
产奶量MY	14.41	14.92	27.81	0.252	0.513
乳蛋白率MPP	0.021	0.005 1	0.056	0.257	0.320
乳脂率MFP	0.11	0.026	0.45	0.188	0.231
体细胞评分SCS	0.24	0.50	1.45	0.110	0.339

性状 Trait	乳尿素氮 MUN	产奶量 MY	乳蛋白率 MPP	乳脂率 MFP	体细胞评分 SCS
乳尿素氮MUN		0.01	0.01	0.05	-0.015
产奶量MY	-0.02		-0.18	-0.11	-0.030
乳蛋白率MPP	0.04	-0.34		0.15	0.027
乳脂率MFP	0.20	-0.19	0.40		0.018
体细胞评分SCS	-0.11	-0.19	0.10	0.19

[1]	赖婉仪, 陶欣月, 杨庚新, 余文莉, 李树静, Tahir Usman, 俞英. 奶牛乳房健康基因检测芯片在中国荷斯坦牛及巴基斯坦本地奶牛群中的应用研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(10): 4489-4499.
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[3]	孙东晓, 张胜利, 张勤, 李姣, 张桂香, 刘丑生, 郑伟杰. 我国奶牛基因组选择技术应用进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4028-4039.
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[5]	万涛, 王澳, 张海亮, 胡丽蓉, 赵善江, 张翰霖, 王炎, 郭刚, 俞英, 王雅春. 荷斯坦牛血浆抗缪勒氏管激素浓度的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(1): 161-168.
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