高原地区奶牛血液指标的影响因素分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.05.018

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 1964-1978.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.05.018

高原地区奶牛血液指标的影响因素分析

黄上真¹, 马龙刚^1,2, 娄文琦^1,3, 宁景扬^1,4, 张海亮¹, 胡丽蓉¹, 扎琼⁵, 李斌⁶, 徐青⁷, 巴桑罗布⁸, 王雅春^1*

1. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室, 畜禽育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100193;
2. 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
3. 瓦赫宁根大学与研究中心, P. O. Box 338, 6700 AH 瓦赫宁根, 荷兰;
4. 北京首农畜牧发展有限公司, 北京 100029;
5. 拉萨市城关区农业农村局, 拉萨 850000;
6. 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 拉萨 850000;
7. 北京交通大学生命科学与生物工程研究院, 北京 100044;
8. 山南市畜牧兽医总站, 山南 856000

收稿日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-05-23 发布日期:2023-05-20
通讯作者: 王雅春,主要从事分子数量遗传学研究,E-mail:wangyachun@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:黄上真(1998-),女,江西丰城人,硕士生,主要从事生物信息学研究,E-mail:hsz19980225@163.com
基金资助:
西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202201ZY0004N);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2022j11020009);西藏自治区区域协同创新专项(QYXTZX-LS2021-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Blood Indicators of Dairy Cows at High-altitude Area

HUANG Shangzhen¹, MA Longgang^1,2, LOU Wenqi^1,3, NING Jingyang^1,4, ZHANG Hailiang¹, HU Lirong¹, ZHA Qiong⁵, LI Bin⁶, XU Qing⁷, BASANG Luobu⁸, WANG Yachun^1*

1. National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
3. Wageningen University and Research Center, P. O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands;
4. Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing 100029, China;
5. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Chengguan District of Lhasa, Lhasa 850000, China;
6. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China;
7. Institute of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;
8. Shannan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary General Station, Shannan 856000, China

Received:2022-09-26 Online:2023-05-23 Published:2023-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究我国高原地区奶牛血液指标的群体规律及其影响因素。本研究测定了拉萨地区不同纯度的荷斯坦牛共435头健康泌乳个体的18项血常规、3项血气、4项电解质和2项生化指标,进行表型相关性分析,并综合牛场、月龄、泌乳阶段、体况评分、荷斯坦牛血统比例和测定时间等影响因素进行方差分析。结果表明,高原地区奶牛群体白细胞计数、红细胞计数(red blood cells,RBC)和血小板计数分别为(7.66 ± 2.14)×10⁹ 个·L^-1、(6.94 ± 0.74)×10¹² 个·L^-1和(405.73 ± 224.48)×10⁹ 个·L^-1,氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PO₂)和二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PCO₂)分别为(11.28 ± 1.61)kPa和(3.39 ± 0.38)kPa。在27项血液指标中,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,MCHC)、血小板分布宽度、血液酸碱度(pH)、钠离子浓度(Na⁺)和氯离子浓度在个体间变异较小,其变异系数小于5%。相关分析中,PCO₂与PO₂和pH的相关系数分别为 -0.53和 -0.55,呈中度负相关,血红蛋白浓度(hemoglobin,HGB)与红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)、平均红细胞体积(mean corpuscular volume,MCV)与平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(mean corpuscular hemoglobin,MCH)、血小板计数与血小板压积呈高度正相关关系(相关系数 ≥ 0.95)。方差分析中,月龄显著影响(P<0.05)15个血常规指标,体况评分和泌乳阶段显著影响除MCHC外的6个红细胞系统指标(P<0.05),HGB、HCT、MCV和MCH与荷斯坦牛血统比例呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。泌乳中期RBC最高,而MCV和MCH在此阶段最低。测定时间对PCO₂、Na⁺、钙离子浓度(Ca²⁺)、葡萄糖浓度(glucose,GLU)、乳酸浓度(lactic acid,LAC)和动脉血HCT有显著影响(P<0.05),其中PCO₂、Ca²⁺和HCT均在12∶41-14∶10时出现极值。泌乳阶段对PCO₂、pH、钾离子浓度、GLU、LAC和动脉血HCT有显影响(P<0.05),泌乳初期动脉血GLU和LAC最低,PCO₂最高,碱性最弱。综上,血液指标不同程度地受到奶牛生理状态和外界因素的影响,利用血液指标开展高原牧场奶牛健康检测具有重要意义,并应考虑泌乳阶段、月龄、体况等因素的影响,并注意测定时间的选择。

关键词: 血常规, 血气, 电解质, 生化指标, 高原, 奶牛

Abstract: The study aimed to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of blood indicators for dairy cows raised at high altitude in China. A total of 435 healthy lactating Holstein cattle of different purity were used to measure the phenotypic data, including 18 hematological parameters, 3 blood gas indexes, 4 electrolyte indexes, and 2 biochemical parameters. Correlation and variance analyses were further carried out to determine the phenotypic correlations among corresponding phenotypes and significant influencing factors that should be addressed in follow-up studies, in which the farm, month age, lactation stage, body condition score, Holstein breed composition, and measuring time were considered in variance analysis. The results showed that the white blood cell count, red blood cell count (RBC), and platelet count of dairy cows raised on plateau were (7.66 ±2.14)×10⁹ cells·L^-1, (6.94 ±0.74)×10¹² cells·L^-1 and (405.73 ±224.48)×10⁹ cells·L^-1, respectively; and their partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) were (11.28 ±1.61) kPa and (3.39 ±0.38)kPa, respectively. Among the 27 blood indicators, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet distribution width, blood pH, sodium ion concentration (Na⁺), and chloride ion concentration had small inter-individual variation with variation coefficients being less than 5%. In the correlation analysis, the PCO₂ and PO₂, as well as PCO₂ and pH had correlation coe-fficients of -0.53 and -0.55, respectively, showing moderate negative correlations. Conversely, hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet count and platelet volume showed highly positive correlations (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.95). In the variance analysis, months of age had significant effects (P<0.05) on 15 hematological parameters, at the same time, body condition score and lactation stage significantly affected 6 indexes in erythrocyte system except MCHC (P<0.05). HGB, HCT, MCV and MCH were significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of Holstein breed (P<0.05). The value of RBC was highest in mid-lactation, while MCV and MCH were lowest at this stage. Moreover, the measuring time had significant effects on PCO₂, Na⁺, calcium ion concentration (Ca²⁺), glucose concentration (GLU), lactic acid concentration (LAC), and arterial blood HCT (P<0.05). Among them, PCO₂, Ca²⁺, and HCT appeared extreme values from 12:41 to 14:10. The effect of lactation stage was also significant on PCO₂, pH, potassium ion concentration, GLU, LAC, and arterial blood HCT (P<0.05). In the early lactation stage, the values of arterial blood GLU and LAC were the lowest, while PCO₂ was the highest, indicating the weakest alkalinity. Taken together, blood indicators are mainly affected by the physiological state of cows and external factors. It is important to use blood indicators to carry out health detection of dairy cattle in high-altitude area, and should take into account key factors such as lactation stage, months of age, and body condition and pay attention to the choice of measuring time.

Key words: hematological parameter, blood gas index, electrolytes, biochemical parameter, high altitude, dairy cows

中图分类号:

S823.91

黄上真, 马龙刚, 娄文琦, 宁景扬, 张海亮, 胡丽蓉, 扎琼, 李斌, 徐青, 巴桑罗布, 王雅春. 高原地区奶牛血液指标的影响因素分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(5): 1964-1978.

HUANG Shangzhen, MA Longgang, LOU Wenqi, NING Jingyang, ZHANG Hailiang, HU Lirong, ZHA Qiong, LI Bin, XU Qing, BASANG Luobu, WANG Yachun. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Blood Indicators of Dairy Cows at High-altitude Area[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(5): 1964-1978.

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高原地区奶牛血液指标的影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Blood Indicators of Dairy Cows at High-altitude Area

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