西门塔尔牛、和牛与荷斯坦牛杂种优势预测及实际杂交效果分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.08.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在利用覆盖全基因组和性状的特异性SNPs标记预测和牛、西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛杂种优势，为牛杂种优势利用和选种选配提供参考依据。本研究分别利用牛Illumina Bovine HD 770 K和GGP Bovine 100 K芯片对464头和牛、1 222头西门塔尔牛和43头荷斯坦牛3个亲本群体进行基因型分型，并通过牛QTLs数据库筛选与目的性状对应的QTLs，对比牛参考基因组映射得到与初生重、周岁重、胴体重性状相关的特异性SNPs；然后构建覆盖全基因组和性状特异性SNPs两种标记状态同源矩阵，通过计算杂交组合亲本间的遗传距离来预测品种间杂种优势，并利用配合力分析验证较优组合的实际杂交效果。结果表明，基于全基因组和性状特异性SNPs计算的各杂交组合遗传距离差异不显著。在全基因组水平上，西门塔尔牛♂×荷斯坦牛♀（S×H）与和牛♂×荷斯坦牛♀（W×H）亲本间杂交组合遗传距离分别为0.346 1和0.338 9；在初生重、周岁重和胴体重性状上，S×H亲本间遗传距离分别为0.343 1、0.348 7和0.336 7，而W×H遗传距离分别为0.337 6、0.340 7和0.329 2；两种SNPs标记计算的遗传距离均为S×H较大，W×H次之。因此，在初生重、周岁重、胴体重性状上，S×H为较优杂交组合。通过分析德系西门塔尔牛♂×荷斯坦牛♀实际杂交群体的配合力，发现10个父系在初生重性状上一般配合力和特殊配合力均为正效应，最高效应值分别达到3.760 9和8.931 2。西门塔尔牛与荷斯坦牛杂交可在初生重、周岁重和胴体重获得较高的杂种优势。

关键词: 西门塔尔牛, 和牛, 荷斯坦牛, 杂种优势预测, 杂交效果

Abstract: The aim of the study was to predict heterosis of different crosses for growth and carcass traits by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers at the whole genome level in Simmental, Wagyu, and Holstein. The Illumina Bovine HD 770 K and GGP Bovine 100 K chips were used to detect genotypes of 1 222 Simmental, 464 Wagyu and 43 Holstein, respectively. The trait-associated SNP markers were obtained by blasting Illumina Bovine HD 770 K and GGP Bovine 100K chips with QTLs database of birth weight, yearling weight, and carcass weight in NCBI. The genetic distance (GD) was used to predict heterosis of different crosses based on genomic SNPs and trait-associated SNP markers. The combining ability was estimated to verify heterosis effect of Simmental and Holstein in practice. The results showed that the genetic distances were no significant difference between genome-wide and trait-associated SNPs in two hybrid groups. At the genome-wide level, the genetic distances of Simmental(♂)×Holstein(♀) and Wagyu(♂)×Holstein (♀) were 0.346 1 and 0.338 9, respectively. For trait-associated SNPs with birth weight, yearling weight and carcass weight, the genetic distances of Simmental(♂)×Holstein(♀) were 0.343 1, 0.348 7 and 0.336 7, it was 0.337 6, 0.340 7 and 0.329 2 in Wagyu(♂)×Holstein (♀), respectively. In short, Simmental(♂)×Holstein(♀) had the larger GD than Wagyu(♂)×Holstein (♀). Therefore, Simmental(♂)×Holstein(♀) would obtain greater heterosis in birth weight, yearling weight and carcass weight. According to combining ability test of German Simmental×Holstein, it was found that general and specific combining ability of 10 German Simmental sires had positive effect on birth weight, and the highest value were 3.760 9, 8.931 2, respectively. Hybridization of Simmental and Holstein would obtain greater heterosis for birth weight, yearling weight, and carcass weight.

Key words: Simmental, Wagyu, Holstein, heterosis prediction, heterotic effect

中图分类号:

S823.2

范婷婷, 王文翔, 马毅, 赵国耀, 徐凌洋, 陈燕, 张路培, 高会江, 李俊雅, 高雪. 西门塔尔牛、和牛与荷斯坦牛杂种优势预测及实际杂交效果分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(8): 2568-2577.

FAN Tingting, WANG Wenxiang, MA Yi, ZHAO Guoyao, XU Lingyang, CHEN Yan, ZHANG Lupei, GAO Huijiang, LI Junya, GAO Xue. Prediction and Effect Analysis of Heterosis in Simmental, Wagyu and Holstein[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(8): 2568-2577.

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