饲粮能量水平对13~18月龄荷斯坦阉牛生产性能和屠宰指标的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究饲粮能量水平对13～18月龄荷斯坦阉牛生产性能和屠宰指标的影响。选择健康13月龄荷斯坦阉牛60头，平均体重为（501.47±40.09） kg，随机分为3组，每组20个重复，每个重复1头牛。根据饲粮能量水平，3组分别为低能量组（LE）、中能量组（ME）、高能量组（HE）。试验期为154 d，预试期10 d，正试期144 d。试验前期（97 d）饲粮的综合净能（NE_mf）分别为5.90、6.10、6.30 MJ·kg^-1，试验后期（47 d）饲粮的NE_mf分别为6.10、6.30、6.50 MJ·kg^-1，全试验期饲粮粗蛋白质水平各组均为11.50%。饲养试验结束时进行生产性能等指标测定，每组随机选择5头牛采集血液测定血液生化指标并屠宰，测定屠宰性能和肉品质等。研究结果表明：在整个试验期，提高饲粮能量水平对荷斯坦阉牛的平均日增重（ADG）无显著影响（P>0.05），与LE组相比，HE组料重比显著降低（P<0.05），但HE组与ME组差异不显著（P>0.05）；随着饲粮能量水平的增加，HE组血清中的葡萄糖含量最低，与LE组和ME组相比分别降低了16.04%（P<0.05）和8.99%（P<0.05）。ME组血清中尿素氮含量最低，较LE组降低了8.52%（P<0.05），与HE组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。β-羟丁酸和生长激素含量随着饲粮能量的增加显著下降（P<0.05），血清脂蛋白酯酶活性随着能量浓度的增加而提高（P<0.05）；随着能量水平的提高，显著降低了荷斯坦阉牛体高（P<0.05），对体斜长和胸围无显著影响（P>0.05）；提高能量水平对荷斯坦阉牛的屠宰率、净肉率和肉骨比无显著差异（P>0.05），但显著增加了眼肌面积（P<0.05）；与LE组相比，HE组背最长肌中粗脂肪含量显著提高（P<0.05），水分含量显著降低（P<0.05）；养殖收益以ME组最高，较LE组和HE组每头阉牛分别多收入0.97、1.02元·d^-1。综上所述，在本试验条件下，13～18月龄荷斯坦阉牛饲粮CP在11.50%时，前期适宜NE_mf水平为6.10 MJ·kg^-1，后期适宜NE_mf水平为6.30 MJ·kg^-1。

关键词: 能量, 荷斯坦阉牛, 生产性能, 屠宰指标

Abstract: The effects of different dietary energy levels on production performance and slaughter indicators of 13-18 months old Holstein steers were investigated in this study. Sixty 13-month-old healthy Holstein steers with average body weight of (501.47±40.09) kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 replicates in each group and 1 steer in each replicate. According to the energy level of the diets, 3 groups were low energy group (LE), medium energy group (ME) and high energy group (HE), respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 154 days with a 10-day pretest period and a 144-day formal test period. The comprehensive net energy(NE_mf) of the diets in the early stage of the experiment (97 d) were 5.90, 6.10 and 6.30 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The NE_mf of the diets in the later stage of the experiment (47 d) were 6.10, 6.30 and 6.50 MJ·kg^-1, respectively. The crude protein level of the diets in the whole experiment was 11.50%. At the end of the feeding experiment, the production performance and other indicators were measured. Five steers were randomly selected from each group to collect blood sample for determination of blood biochemical indicators and slaughtered for determination of slaughtering performance and meat quality. The results showed that the different dietary energy levels had no significant effect on the average daily gain (ADG) of the Holstein steers during the whole experimental period (P>0.05). Compared with LE group, the feed to gain ratio of HE group was significantly lower (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between HE group and ME group (P>0.05); With the increase of dietary dietary energy level, the serum glucose content in the HE group was the lowest, which was 16.04% (P<0.05) and 8.99% (P<0.05) lower than those of LE group and ME group, respectively. The content of serum urea nitrogen of ME group was the lowest, which was 8.52% lower than that of LE group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between ME group and HE group (P>0.05). The content of β-hydroxybutyric acid and growth hormone decreased significantly with the increase of dietary energy (P<0.05), and the activity of serum lipoprotein lipase increased with the increase of dietary energy level (P<0.05); With the increase of dietary energy level, body height decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there was no significant effect on body length and heart girth (P>0.05); The loin eye area of Holstein steers increased significantly with the increase of dietary energy level (P<0.05), but the dietary energy level had no effect on dressing percentage, net meat rate and meat to bone ratio (P>0.05); The content of crude fat in longissimus dorsi muscle in HE group was significantly increased (P<0.05) and the content of water was significantly reduced (P<0.05) compared to LE group; The income of ME group was the highest, which was 0.97 yuan·(day·head)^-1 and 1.02 yuan·(day·head)^-1 higher than those of LE group and HE group, respectively. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, when the dietary CP level of 13-18 months old Holstein steers was 11.50%, the suitable NE_mf level in the early period was 6.10 MJ·kg^-1, and the suitable NE_mf level in the later period is 6.30 MJ·kg^-1.

Key words: energy, Holstein steers, growth performance, slaughter indicators

中图分类号:

S823.91

张美琦, 李妍, 李树静, 高艳霞, 李建国, 曹玉凤, 李秋凤. 饲粮能量水平对13~18月龄荷斯坦阉牛生产性能和屠宰指标的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(6): 1295-1305.

ZHANG Meiqi, LI Yan, LI Shujing, GAO Yanxia, LI Jianguo, CAO Yufeng, LI Qiufeng. Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Production Performance and Slaughter Indicators of 13-18 Months Old Holstein Steers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(6): 1295-1305.

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