华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.019

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 4355-4368.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.019

华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展

曹晓瑶¹^,²(), 汪聪勇³, 王亭¹^,², 熊兰玲¹^,², 于河洋¹^,², 王泽昭¹^,², 高会江¹^,², 李俊雅¹^,²^,³^,*(), 朱波¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,*()

1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193
2. 国家肉牛遗传评估中心, 北京 100193
3. 华西牛育种联合会, 北京 100193
4. 北方农牧业技术创新中心, 呼和浩特 010111

收稿日期:2025-01-21 出版日期:2025-09-23 发布日期:2025-09-30
通讯作者: 李俊雅,朱波 E-mail:cxy1163899369@163.com;lijunya@caas.cn;zhubo@caas.cn
作者简介:曹晓瑶(1999-)，男，山东博兴人，硕士，主要从事肉牛分子数量遗传学研究，E-mail：cxy1163899369@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32272843)；肉牛产业技术体系岗位科学家经费(CARS-37)；中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202102)；内蒙古自治区种业科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022JBGS00181)；呼和浩特市产业技术创新研究院(2022RC-IRI-5)

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Progress for Growth and Development Traits in Huaxi Cattle

CAO Xiaoyao¹^,²(), WANG Congyong³, WANG Ting¹^,², XIONG Lanling¹^,², YU Heyang¹^,², WANG Zezhao¹^,², GAO Huijiang¹^,², LI Junya¹^,²^,³^,*(), ZHU Bo¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,*()

1. Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2. National Center of Beef Cattle Genetic Evaluation, Beijing 100193, China
3. Huaxi Cattle Breeding Alliance, Beijing 100193, China
4. Northern Agriculture and Livestock Husbandry Technology Innovation Center, Hohhot 010111, China

Received:2025-01-21 Online:2025-09-23 Published:2025-09-30
Contact: LI Junya, ZHU Bo E-mail:cxy1163899369@163.com;lijunya@caas.cn;zhubo@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在对培育的肉牛新品种“华西牛”近年来不同生长发育阶段的体重和日增重数据进行遗传参数估计，并估计其在2011—2024年取得的遗传进展。对华西牛育种联合会于2009—2024年期间收集的13 212头华西牛的64 406条体重数据和各阶段日增重数据进行整理，包含公牛3 794头、母牛9 418头，并将性别、出生年、出生季、出生地、所在省等作为固定效应，日龄作为协变量，利用REML算法估计各阶段体重及日增重性状的遗传力，通过ASREML软件计算所有个体的育种值，再估计各性状的遗传进展。结果显示，初生重、6月龄重、12月龄重、18月龄重、24月龄重、36月龄重的遗传力估计值分别为0.17、0.21、0.24、0.51、0.54、0.49，初生到6月龄日增重、6~12月龄日增重、12~18月龄日增重、18~24月龄日增重、24~36月龄日增重的遗传力估计值分别为0.23、0.17、0.28、0.42、0.14。初生重、6月龄重、12月龄重、18月龄重、24月龄重、36月龄重的年平均遗传进展分别为0.06、0.49、0.71、2.18、3.03、1.90 kg，初生到6月龄日增重、6~12月龄日增重、12~18月龄日增重、18~24月龄日增重、24~36月龄日增重的年平均遗传进展为0.123、0.087、0.165、0.256、0.025 kg·d^-1。本研究对华西牛群体生长发育性状的遗传参数做了系统评估分析，并评估了华西牛取得的遗传进展，为华西牛的持续选育和我国肉牛育种提供理论依据。

关键词: 华西牛, 各阶段体重和日增重, 遗传参数, 遗传进展

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight and daily weight gain at different growth stages of a new beef cattle breed "Huaxi cattle" and assess its genetic progress from 2011 to 2024. The Huaxi Cattle Breeding Alliance collected data from 13 212 Huaxi cattle (3 794 bulls and 9 418 cows), comprising 64 406 records of body weight and daily weight gain at various stages from 2009 to 2024. Fixed effects such as sex, birth year, birth season, birth place, and current province were considered, with age in days as a covariate. The REML algorithm was used to estimate the heritability of body weight and daily weight gain at each stage, and ASREML software was employed to calculate the breeding values of all individuals, followed by an estimation of genetic progress for each trait. The heritability estimates for birth weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight, 18-month weight, 24-month weight and 36-month weight were 0.17, 0.21, 0.24, 0.51, 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The heritability estimates for daily weight gain from birth to 6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-36 months were 0.23, 0.17, 0.28, 0.42 and 0.14, respectively. The annual genetic progress for birth weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight, 18-month weight, 24-month weight and 36-month weight was 0.06, 0.49, 0.71, 2.18, 3.03 and 1.90 kg, respectively. The annual genetic progress for daily weight gain from birth to 6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-36 months was 0.123, 0.087, 0.165, 0.256 and 0.025 kg·d^-1, respectively. This study represents the systematic evaluation and analysis of the genetic parameters of growth traits in the Huaxi cattle population, as well as an assessment of its genetic progress, providing a theoretical foundation for the continued breeding of Huaxi cattle and beef cattle breeding in China.

Key words: Huaxi cattle, monthly weights and daily gain at various stages, genetic parameters, genetic progress

中图分类号:

S823.2

曹晓瑶, 汪聪勇, 王亭, 熊兰玲, 于河洋, 王泽昭, 高会江, 李俊雅, 朱波. 华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4355-4368.

CAO Xiaoyao, WANG Congyong, WANG Ting, XIONG Lanling, YU Heyang, WANG Zezhao, GAO Huijiang, LI Junya, ZHU Bo. Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Progress for Growth and Development Traits in Huaxi Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4355-4368.

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性别 Sex		初生重 /kg Birth weight	初生到6月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from birth to six months	6月龄重/kg Six months weight	6~12月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from six to twelve months	12月龄重/kg Twelve months weight	12~18月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twelve to eighteen months	18月龄重/kg Eighteen months weight	18~24月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from eighteen to twenty-four months	24月龄重/kg Twenty-four months weight	24~36月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twenty-four to thirty-six months	36月龄重/kg Thirty-six months weight
公 Sire	计数	3 794	1 482	1 806	852	886	630	632	516	520	128	128
	均值	45.08	1.09	233.77	1.05	438.84	1.01	616.62	0.89	777.82	0.53	971.97
	标准差	5.81	0.23	50.60	0.34	80.39	0.37	98.14	0.39	103.37	0.30	84.80
	变异系数	12.90%	20.71%	21.66%	31.98%	18.34%	36.71%	15.94%	43.58%	13.32%	56.44%	8.79%
母 Dam	计数	9 418	6 484	6 906	5 236	5 688	4 590	4 832	4 168	4 356	608	746
	均值	42.49	1.03	227.03	0.63	345.61	0.54	443.99	0.48	526.40	0.27	601.07
	标准差	5.14	0.19	37.64	0.24	49.55	0.22	65.61	0.24	79.81	0.25	104.23
	变异系数	12.09%	18.16%	16.58%	37.34%	14.34%	40.87%	14.78%	49.28%	15.17%	92.67%	17.36%

性别 Sex	观察值个数 N	出生季 Season of birth	观察值个数 N	出生年 Year of birth	观察值个数 N	出生地 Place of birth	省份 Province	观察值个数 N	所在省 Province of stay	省份 Province	观察值个数 N
公Sire	3 794	春	5 041	2009	2	13	河北	90	11	北京	11
母 Dam	9 418	夏	2 050	2012	2	14	山西	7	13	河北	380
		秋	2 084	2014	4	15	内蒙古	8 727	14	山西	7
		冬	4 037	2015	16	22	吉林	635	15	内蒙古	8 567
				2016	130	36	江西	2	22	吉林	686
				2017	466	41	河南	355	36	江西	7
				2018	1 132	42	湖北	1 385	41	河南	347
				2019	1 451	50	重庆	488	42	湖北	1 044
				2020	2 340	53	云南	974	43	湖南	5
				2021	2 269	65	新疆	549	50	重庆	671
				2022	2 131				52	贵州	2
				2023	2 970				53	云南	900
				2024	299				65	新疆	585

参数 Item	初生重/kg Birth weight	初生到6月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from birth to six months	6月龄重/kg Six months weight	6~12月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from six to twelve months	12月龄重/kg Twelve months weight	12~18月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twelve to eighteen months	18月龄重/kg Eighteen months weight	18~24月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from eighteen to twenty-four months	24月龄重/kg Twenty-four months weight	24~36月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twenty-four to thirty-six months	36月龄重/kg Thirty-six months weight
性别Sex	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.2×10^-16	5.6×10^-16	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16
出生年Year	1.67×10^-15	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	7.5×10^-12	< 2.0×10^-16	8.5×10^-4	< 2.0×10^-16	1.7×10^-15	< 2.0×10^-16	7.8×10^-7	8.1×10^-12
出生季Season	4.64×10^-8	3.34×10^-9	< 2.0×10^-16	1.2×10^-5	9.1×10^-8	5.46×10^-2	1.3×10^-5	1.1×10^-4	3.2×10^-2	2.2×10^-4	1.2×10^-5
出生地Birth	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	1.7×10^-10	< 2.0×10^-16
所在省Stay	3.96×10^-5	< 2.2×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	4.6×10^-1	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	< 2.0×10^-16	4.5×10^-8	< 2.0×10^-16	5.79×10^-1	4.6×10^-1
牛只日龄Day	3.06×10^-1	—	< 2.0×10^-16	—	< 2.0×10^-16	—	3.3×10^-16	—	2.0×10^-4	—	6.5×10^-1

性状 Trait	表型方差 Phenotype variance	残差方差 Residual variance	加性方差 Additive variance	遗传力±标准误 Heritability±standard error
初生重/kg Birth weight	27.16	15.21	11.95	0.17±0.02
初生到6月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from birth to six months	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.23±0.03
6月龄重/kg Six months weight	1 444.74	823.50	621.24	0.21±0.03
6到12月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from six to twelve months	0.08	0.04	0.03	0.17±0.04
12月龄重/kg Twelve months weight	3 354.29	1 844.86	1 509.43	0.24±0.03
12到18月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twelve to eighteen months	0.07	0.04	0.03	0.28±0.04
18月龄重/kg Eighteen months weight	6 627.52	4 109.06	2 518.46	0.51±0.03
18到24月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from eighteen to twenty-four months	0.06	0.04	0.02	0.42±0.04
24月龄重/kg Twenty-four months weight	11 178.28	6 148.05	5 030.22	0.54±0.03
24到36月龄日增重/(kg·d^-1) DG from twenty-four to thirty-six months	0.05	0.03	0.02	0.14±0.09
36月龄重/kg Thirty-six months weight	27 556.70	15 156.19	12 400.52	0.49±0.05

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华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Progress for Growth and Development Traits in Huaxi Cattle

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