华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在对培育的肉牛新品种“华西牛”近年来不同生长发育阶段的体重和日增重数据进行遗传参数估计，并估计其在2011—2024年取得的遗传进展。对华西牛育种联合会于2009—2024年期间收集的13 212头华西牛的64 406条体重数据和各阶段日增重数据进行整理，包含公牛3 794头、母牛9 418头，并将性别、出生年、出生季、出生地、所在省等作为固定效应，日龄作为协变量，利用REML算法估计各阶段体重及日增重性状的遗传力，通过ASREML软件计算所有个体的育种值，再估计各性状的遗传进展。结果显示，初生重、6月龄重、12月龄重、18月龄重、24月龄重、36月龄重的遗传力估计值分别为0.17、0.21、0.24、0.51、0.54、0.49，初生到6月龄日增重、6~12月龄日增重、12~18月龄日增重、18~24月龄日增重、24~36月龄日增重的遗传力估计值分别为0.23、0.17、0.28、0.42、0.14。初生重、6月龄重、12月龄重、18月龄重、24月龄重、36月龄重的年平均遗传进展分别为0.06、0.49、0.71、2.18、3.03、1.90 kg，初生到6月龄日增重、6~12月龄日增重、12~18月龄日增重、18~24月龄日增重、24~36月龄日增重的年平均遗传进展为0.123、0.087、0.165、0.256、0.025 kg·d^-1。本研究对华西牛群体生长发育性状的遗传参数做了系统评估分析，并评估了华西牛取得的遗传进展，为华西牛的持续选育和我国肉牛育种提供理论依据。

关键词: 华西牛, 各阶段体重和日增重, 遗传参数, 遗传进展

Abstract: This experiment aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight and daily weight gain at different growth stages of a new beef cattle breed "Huaxi cattle" and assess its genetic progress from 2011 to 2024. The Huaxi Cattle Breeding Alliance collected data from 13 212 Huaxi cattle (3 794 bulls and 9 418 cows), comprising 64 406 records of body weight and daily weight gain at various stages from 2009 to 2024. Fixed effects such as sex, birth year, birth season, birth place, and current province were considered, with age in days as a covariate. The REML algorithm was used to estimate the heritability of body weight and daily weight gain at each stage, and ASREML software was employed to calculate the breeding values of all individuals, followed by an estimation of genetic progress for each trait. The heritability estimates for birth weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight, 18-month weight, 24-month weight and 36-month weight were 0.17, 0.21, 0.24, 0.51, 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The heritability estimates for daily weight gain from birth to 6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-36 months were 0.23, 0.17, 0.28, 0.42 and 0.14, respectively. The annual genetic progress for birth weight, 6-month weight, 12-month weight, 18-month weight, 24-month weight and 36-month weight was 0.06, 0.49, 0.71, 2.18, 3.03 and 1.90 kg, respectively. The annual genetic progress for daily weight gain from birth to 6 months, 6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-36 months was 0.123, 0.087, 0.165, 0.256 and 0.025 kg·d^-1, respectively. This study represents the systematic evaluation and analysis of the genetic parameters of growth traits in the Huaxi cattle population, as well as an assessment of its genetic progress, providing a theoretical foundation for the continued breeding of Huaxi cattle and beef cattle breeding in China.

Key words: Huaxi cattle, monthly weights and daily gain at various stages, genetic parameters, genetic progress

中图分类号:

S823.2

曹晓瑶, 汪聪勇, 王亭, 熊兰玲, 于河洋, 王泽昭, 高会江, 李俊雅, 朱波. 华西牛群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4355-4368.

CAO Xiaoyao, WANG Congyong, WANG Ting, XIONG Lanling, YU Heyang, WANG Zezhao, GAO Huijiang, LI Junya, ZHU Bo. Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Progress for Growth and Development Traits in Huaxi Cattle[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4355-4368.

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