H5亚型流感病毒对人类和哺乳动物健康的威胁分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.009

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 4232-4240.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.009

H5亚型流感病毒对人类和哺乳动物健康的威胁分析

隋金钰¹^,²^,³(), 吴运谱⁴, 李超¹^,²^,³, 王素春¹^,²^,³, 潘俊慧¹^,²^,³, 祁倩¹^,²^,³, 魏世萌¹^,²^,³, 王楷宬¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. 中国动物卫生与流行病学中心, 青岛 266032
2. 农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方), 青岛 266032
3. 青岛市动物生物安全重点实验室, 青岛 266032
4. 辽宁中医药大学实验动物医学院, 沈阳 110847

收稿日期:2024-11-01 出版日期:2025-09-23 发布日期:2025-09-30
通讯作者: 王楷宬 E-mail:suijinyu@cahec.cn;wangkaicheng@cahec.cn
作者简介:隋金钰(1990-)，女，山东青岛人，硕士，兽医师，主要从事动物生物安全风险监测与预警, E-mail: suijinyu@cahec.cn, Tel: 0532-85611952
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1800503)；辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(面上项目)(LJKZ0892)

Analysis of the Threat Posed to Human and Mammalian Health by H5 Subtype Influenza Virus

SUI Jinyu¹^,²^,³(), WU Yunpu⁴, LI Chao¹^,²^,³, WANG Suchun¹^,²^,³, PAN Junhui¹^,²^,³, QI Qian¹^,²^,³, WEI Shimeng¹^,²^,³, WANG Kaicheng¹^,²^,³^,*()

1. China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
2. Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafty Risk Prevention and Control (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266032, China
3. Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafty, Qingdao City, Qingdao 266032, China
4. College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, China

Received:2024-11-01 Online:2025-09-23 Published:2025-09-30
Contact: WANG Kaicheng E-mail:suijinyu@cahec.cn;wangkaicheng@cahec.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒在野鸟中广泛传播，造成全球多地暴发禽流感疫情，给养禽业带来严重损失。同时，H5亚型流感病毒不断突破种间屏障，感染哺乳动物和人。2024年，美国奶牛中暴发H5N1亚型流感疫情，病毒在牛群内和牛群间传播，并外溢到人、猫及家禽，其公共卫生安全威胁不断增加。文章梳理了H5亚型流感病毒的遗传进化和流行情况，分析了其在哺乳动物和人中的感染现状，以期为其公共卫生安全风险防控提供参考。

关键词: 禽流感, H5, 跨种传播, 公共卫生安全

Abstract:

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have circulated in wild birds, causing widespread avian influenza outbreaks across various regions globally and significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Simultaneously, this subtype is persistently crossing species barriers and causing infections in a wide range of mammalian species, as well as in humans. In 2024, an unprecedented outbreak of HPAI H5N1 in dairy herds occurred in the USA, with the virus spreading within and between herds, and spilling over into humans, cats and poultry, which together indicated an increased public health risk. Here we present an overview of the evolution and epidemiology of H5 influenza viruses, examining the current dynamics of infection in both mammals and humans, and providing reference for the prevention and control of its public health and safety risks.

Key words: avian influenza virus, H5, species transmission, public health

中图分类号:

隋金钰, 吴运谱, 李超, 王素春, 潘俊慧, 祁倩, 魏世萌, 王楷宬. H5亚型流感病毒对人类和哺乳动物健康的威胁分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4232-4240.

SUI Jinyu, WU Yunpu, LI Chao, WANG Suchun, PAN Junhui, QI Qian, WEI Shimeng, WANG Kaicheng. Analysis of the Threat Posed to Human and Mammalian Health by H5 Subtype Influenza Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4232-4240.

图/表 4

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统计指标 Statistical indicators	时间Time								合计 Total
统计指标 Statistical indicators	2003—2009	2010—2014	2015—2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	合计 Total
病例数 Cases	468	233	160	1	2	6	12	72	954
死亡数 Deaths	282	125	48	0	1	1	4	3	464

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H5亚型流感病毒对人类和哺乳动物健康的威胁分析

Analysis of the Threat Posed to Human and Mammalian Health by H5 Subtype Influenza Virus

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