H5亚型流感病毒对人类和哺乳动物健康的威胁分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒在野鸟中广泛传播，造成全球多地暴发禽流感疫情，给养禽业带来严重损失。同时，H5亚型流感病毒不断突破种间屏障，感染哺乳动物和人。2024年，美国奶牛中暴发H5N1亚型流感疫情，病毒在牛群内和牛群间传播，并外溢到人、猫及家禽，其公共卫生安全威胁不断增加。文章梳理了H5亚型流感病毒的遗传进化和流行情况，分析了其在哺乳动物和人中的感染现状，以期为其公共卫生安全风险防控提供参考。

关键词: 禽流感, H5, 跨种传播, 公共卫生安全

Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses have circulated in wild birds, causing widespread avian influenza outbreaks across various regions globally and significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Simultaneously, this subtype is persistently crossing species barriers and causing infections in a wide range of mammalian species, as well as in humans. In 2024, an unprecedented outbreak of HPAI H5N1 in dairy herds occurred in the USA, with the virus spreading within and between herds, and spilling over into humans, cats and poultry, which together indicated an increased public health risk. Here we present an overview of the evolution and epidemiology of H5 influenza viruses, examining the current dynamics of infection in both mammals and humans, and providing reference for the prevention and control of its public health and safety risks.

Key words: avian influenza virus, H5, species transmission, public health

中图分类号:

隋金钰, 吴运谱, 李超, 王素春, 潘俊慧, 祁倩, 魏世萌, 王楷宬. H5亚型流感病毒对人类和哺乳动物健康的威胁分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4232-4240.

SUI Jinyu, WU Yunpu, LI Chao, WANG Suchun, PAN Junhui, QI Qian, WEI Shimeng, WANG Kaicheng. Analysis of the Threat Posed to Human and Mammalian Health by H5 Subtype Influenza Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4232-4240.

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