微生物除臭技术及其在畜禽养殖中的应用

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国畜禽养殖业的快速发展，畜禽粪便排放量大、处理率低等问题日益严重。养殖场产生的臭气主要来源于畜禽的粪尿、污水、垫料等，这些气体不仅具有强烈的刺激性气味，还会损害畜禽的生产性能和健康。采取切实有效的措施来减少臭气的产生，对环境保护、动物的健康生长以及养殖业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。除臭方法有物理、化学和生物三种。其中，微生物除臭技术是利用微生物的生理代谢活动去除臭味物质的方法，相较于物理和化学除臭技术，其具有环保、安全、高效等优势。因此，微生物除臭技术展现出巨大的应用潜力和价值。本文阐述了畜禽养殖中臭气的来源和危害，不同除臭技术的特点及原理，并对微生物除臭技术在畜禽养殖中的应用进行了综述和展望，以期为微生物除臭技术的进一步研究提供参考。

关键词: 微生物, 除臭技术, 氨气, 硫化氢, 固定化

Abstract:

With the rapid development of animal husbandry in China, the problems of large emissions of animal manure and the low treatment rate have become increasingly serious. Farming odors are mainly generated from the animal manure, sewage and bedding materials. These gases not only have a strong pungent smell, but also harm the animal health and production performance. Implementing effective measures to curtail the production of odors is of great significance for environmental protection, the healthy growth of animals, and the sustainable development of the breeding industry. Deodorization methods include physical, chemical and biological ones. Among them, microbial deodorization technology is a method of removing odors through the physiological metabolic activities of microorganisms. Compared with other deodorization technologies, it has the advantages of environmental friendliness, safety and high efficiency. Therefore, microbial deodorization technology has demonstrated substantial application potential and value. In this paper, the sources and hazards of odors in livestock and poultry farming, the characteristics and principles of different deodorization technologies were exponded, and the application of microbial deodorization technology in livestock and poultry breeding were reviewed and its perspects were explored, in order to provide a reference for further research for microbial deodorization technology.

Key words: microorganism, deodorization technology, NH₃, H₂S, immobilization

中图分类号:

S811.5

贾芮, 郑爱娟, 刘金梅, 陈志敏, 常文环, 刘国华. 微生物除臭技术及其在畜禽养殖中的应用[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2093-2102.

JIA Rui, ZHENG Aijuan, LIU Jinmei, CHEN Zhimin, CHANG Wenhuan, LIU Guohua. Microbial Deodorization Technology and Its Application in Animal Husbandry[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2093-2102.

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