短链脂肪酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物菌群的影响研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.009

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 2082-2092.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.009

短链脂肪酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物菌群的影响研究进展

宋琳(), 赵小伟, 齐英杰, 张养东*()

中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所农业农村部奶及奶制品质量安全控制重点实验室/农业农村部奶产品质量安全风险评估实验室/农业农村部奶及奶制品质量监督检验测试中心(北京)/畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2025-05-23 发布日期:2025-05-27
通讯作者: 张养东 E-mail:songlinneau@163.com;zhangyangdong@caas.cn
作者简介:宋琳(2001-)，女，河南三门峡人，硕士生，主要从事奶牛营养与牛奶质量安全研究，E-mail: songlinneau@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1301004)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IAS12)；国家奶牛产业技术体系(CARS-36)

Research Progress on the Effect of Short-chain Fatty Acids on Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Dairy Cows

SONG Lin(), ZHAO Xiaowei, QI Yingjie, ZHANG Yangdong*()

Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Milk and Milk Products Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Beijing), State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institure of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultral Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2024-05-06 Online:2025-05-23 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: ZHANG Yangdong E-mail:songlinneau@163.com;zhangyangdong@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

奶牛瘤胃内栖息着数量庞大、种类繁多的微生物，其与身体形成了一种“互惠互利”的共生关系。其中短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)作为微生物的代谢产物，与微生物相互作用为机体提供营养，维持内环境稳定。本文阐述了SCFAs与奶牛瘤胃微生物的互作关系，重点关注其对奶牛瘤胃健康及稳态的影响，综述了奶牛瘤胃内SCFA调控内环境的作用机制，为SCFAs营养调控奶牛机体健康提供理论依据。

关键词: 短链脂肪酸, 瘤胃微生物, 互作, 内环境稳态

Abstract:

There are a large number and variety of microorganisms inhabiting the rumen tract of dairy cows, forming a 'mutually beneficial' symbiotic relationship with the body. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as metabolites of microorganisms, interact with microorganisms to provide nutrients to the body and maintain the stability of the internal environment. This paper describes the interactions between SCFAs and microorganisms in the rumen tract of dairy cows, focuses on their effects on the health and homeostasis of the rumen tract of dairy cows, and reviews the mechanisms of SCFAs in rumen of dairy cows regulating the internal environment, so as to provide theoretical basis for the nutritional regulation of the health of dairy cows by SCFAs.

Key words: short-chain fatty acids, rumen microbes, interactions, homeostasis

中图分类号:

S823.5

宋琳, 赵小伟, 齐英杰, 张养东. 短链脂肪酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物菌群的影响研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2082-2092.

SONG Lin, ZHAO Xiaowei, QI Yingjie, ZHANG Yangdong. Research Progress on the Effect of Short-chain Fatty Acids on Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Dairy Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2082-2092.

图/表 2

表 1

瘤胃内主要SCFAs的产生菌类及作用"

SCFA种类 Type of SCFA	产生菌类 Acid-producing fungi	作用 Function	参考文献 References
甲酸 Formic acid	具核梭杆菌(F. nucleatum)、Fibrobacter succinogenes、Streptococcus bovis	提高瘤胃有效降解率 Improve the effective degradation rate of the rumen	[12-13]
乙酸 Acetic acid	双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌(Fibrobacter succinogenes)、鲁米诺球菌(Ruminococci)等	调节消化道pH，维持环境稳定；控制食欲；调节脂肪储存；滋养产丁酸盐菌；抑制病原体生成 Regulate the pH of the digestive tract, maintain a stable environment; control appetite; regulate fat storage; nourish butyrate-producing bacteria; inhibit the growth of pathogens	[14-15]
丙酸 Propionic acid	肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、氨基酸球菌科(Acidaminococcaceae)、韦荣球菌科(Veillonellaceae)、嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)等	降低胆固醇，减少脂肪储存；调节食欲；抑制炎症；抗癌 Lower cholesterol; reduce fat storage; regulate appetite; inhibit inflammation; fight cancer	[16-18]
丁酸 Butyric acid	梭状芽孢杆菌科(Clostridiaceae)、双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、真杆菌属(Eubacterium)、罗氏菌属(Roseburia)等	为瘤胃上皮细胞供能；维护肠黏膜屏障功能；抗氧化；调节宿主免疫功能；抗癌；保护大脑 Provide energy to intestinal epithelial cells; maintain intestinal mucosal barrier function; antioxidant; regulate host immune function; inhibit cancer activity; protect the brain	[19-20]
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid	厚壁梭菌(Clostrida Firmicutes)、Phocaeiocla、Clostridium luticellarii	促进瘤胃纤维降解菌，提高饲料纤维的降解消化率；抑制脲酶，增加瘤胃内非蛋白氮的利用；促进瘤胃内乙酸的生成 Promote rumen fiber degrading bacteria; improve the degradation and digestibility of feed fiber; inhibit urease; increase the utilization of non-protein nitrogen in the rumen; promote the production of acetic acid in the rumen	[21-23]
戊酸 Valeric acid	韦荣球菌科(Veillonellaceae)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)等	增加蛋白质组外膜蛋白丰度；调节炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-6的产生 Increase the abundance of proteome outer membrane proteins; regulate the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6	[24-25]
异戊酸 Isovaleric acid	拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、卵形拟杆菌(Bacteroides ovatus)、Prevotella bryantii B₁4	增强支链氨基酸合成，提高微生物蛋白的合成；提高反刍动物的产奶量及乳脂率 Enhance the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids; improve the synthesis of microbial proteins; improve the milk yield and milk fat rate of ruminants	[26-28]
己酸 Caproic acid	韦荣球菌科(Veillonellaceae)、瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae bacterium)	瘤胃内生酮作用；合成己酸乙酯的前体物质 Rumen ketogenic; a precursor to the synthesis of ethyl caproate	[29-30]

表 1

图 1

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短链脂肪酸对奶牛瘤胃微生物菌群的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Short-chain Fatty Acids on Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Dairy Cows

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