胆汁酸调控动物肠道健康的作用及机制研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胆汁酸是胆固醇代谢的重要产物，分泌到肠道中的胆汁酸可通过杀菌抗炎和信号传导等发挥改善肠道结构形态、维护肠道屏障完整、调节肠道微生物区系平衡以及增强黏膜免疫等功能，利于肠道内环境稳态，促进动物正常生长和提高生产性能。本文围绕胆汁酸的功能，系统综述其对动物肠道形态、黏液屏障、微生物屏障和黏膜免疫的调节作用及机制，以期为利用胆汁酸调节肠道健康提供理论依据。

关键词: 胆汁酸, 肠道形态, 微生物屏障, 肠道健康

Abstract:

Bile acids are important products of cholesterol metabolites, and the bile acids secreted into the intestine can improve the structure and morphology of the intestine, maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier, regulate the balance of the intestinal microflora, and enhance the functions of mucosal immunity through bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and signal transduction, which is conducive to the homeostasis of the intestinal environment, promotes the normal growth of animals and improves the production performance. This paper systematically elaborate the regulatory effects and mechanisms of bile acids on intestinal morphology, mucus barrier, microbial barrier and mucosal immunity in animals, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the use of bile acids to regulate intestinal health.

Key words: bile acid, intestinal morphology, microbial barrier, intestinal health

中图分类号:

S852.2

王馨怡, 姚军虎, 张霞, 张俊. 胆汁酸调控动物肠道健康的作用及机制研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(3): 1006-1018.

WANG Xinyi, YAO Junhu, ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Jun. Advances in Effect and Mechanism of Bile Acids Regulating Animal Intestinal Health[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1006-1018.

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分类 Item	形成部位 Sources	核心结构 Core structure	合成底物 Raw material	常见形式 Common forms
初级胆汁酸 Primary bile acids (PBAs)	肝	12α-三羟基-5β-胆烷酸	胆固醇	胆酸鹅脱氧胆酸
次级胆汁酸 Secondary bile acids (SBAs)	肠道	3α, 12α-二羟-5β-胆烷酸	初级胆汁酸	脱氧胆酸石胆酸

转化作用/转化酶 Modification/Enzymes	微生物生产者 Microbial producers	转化及位点 Reactions and sites	产物 Products	参考文献 Reference
水解作用/胆盐水解酶 Hydrolysis/Bile salt hydrolase	拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门肠球菌、放线菌门	-CONH转化COOH C24/R_S	非共轭胆汁酸	[54-56]
脱羟基作用/胆酰辅酶 Dehydroxylation/Baioperonproteins	厚壁菌门梭状芽孢杆菌属	-OH转化-H C7	脱氧胆酸石胆酸	[57-59]
氧化及差向异构化/羟基类固醇脱氢酶 Oxidation and Epimerization/ Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase	拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门变形菌门、放线菌门	-OH转化=O和=O 转化-OH C3, C7, C12	熊脱氧胆汁酸胆汁酸含氧衍生物	[60-62]
脱硫作用/硫酸酯酶 Desulfation/Sulfatase	梭菌、消化球菌属、梭菌属变形菌门、假单胞菌属	-SO₃H₂转化-OH C3	石胆酸、胆酸鹅脱氧胆酸	[63-65]
酯化作用 Esterification	拟杆菌门	-OH转化-COOR C3和C24/R_S	3-乙酯 24-羰基酯	[66-67]
酰胺化作用 Amidation	拟杆菌、双歧杆菌肠球菌、肠杆菌	-COOH转化-CONH-R C24/R_S	氨基酸偶联胆汁酸	[68]

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