早期补充等渗蛋白溶液对哺乳仔猪生长性能、空肠发育及转录组变化的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

哺乳早期仔猪的肠道发育和健康对其未来生长至关重要，因为这一阶段肠道生理功能的完善，不仅能适应当前的营养需求，更能为后续的快速生长奠定坚实基础。本试验旨在探究哺乳期补充等渗蛋白溶液对哺乳仔猪的生长性能、肠道形态及空肠转录组的影响。试验选取12窝刚出生体重相近(1.48±0.22 kg)、母猪胎次相同的“杜×(长×大)”三元杂交哺乳仔猪120头。根据体重相近的原则，随机将其分为对照组(Con组)和试验组(Px组)，每组6窝。在仔猪出生后2~8天，Con组仔猪每窝每天补充500 mL纯净水，Px组仔猪每窝每天补充500 mL 3%的等渗蛋白溶液。在断奶前3天，两组仔猪每天均接受250 g教槽料糊状混合物的补充，其中Con组混合物使用纯净水配制，Px组混合物则使用3% Px溶液配制。整个试验期24 d。结果表明，哺乳期补充等渗蛋白溶液分别提高了仔猪的断奶体重、1~24 d及16~24 d日增重，并改善了空肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05)。对空肠组织进行转录组测序和生物信息学分析后，共筛选出163个差异显著基因，其中105个基因表达上调，58个基因表达下调。GO功能注释和KEGG富集分析显示，这些差异基因主要参与多个关键的生物学过程和信号通路，包括离子运输(如SLC46A1、SLC40A1、SLC26A6)、矿物质吸收(如S100G)、铁死亡调控、氨基酸代谢以及维生素消化等，具体基因还包括ICA和TRPM6。本研究表明，在哺乳期补充等渗蛋白溶液，可以提高哺乳仔猪的生长性能，促进肠道发育。潜在的调控机制可能涉及空肠中矿物质和维生素物质吸收和转运相关基因的改变，影响了肠道的发育和营养物质的吸收能力。

关键词: 等渗蛋白溶液, 哺乳仔猪, 生长性能, 肠道形态, 转录组分析

Abstract:

The intestinal development and health of early-weaned piglets play a critical role in determining their future growth performance. During this period, the maturation of intestinal physiological functions not only supports current nutritional requirements but also establishes a solid foundation for subsequent rapid growth. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementing isotonic protein solution during the suckling period on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and jejunal transcriptomic profiles in suckling piglets. A total of 120 suckling piglets (Duroc×(Landrace×Large White) three-way cross) from 12 litters with comparable birth weights (1.48±0.22 kg) and sows of the same parity were selected and randomly assigned to either a control group (Con group) or an experimental group (Px group), with 6 litters per group, based on similarity in body weight. From postnatal days 2 to 8, piglets in the Con group received 500 mL of distilled water per litter daily, whereas those in the Px group received 500 mL of 3% isotonic protein solution per litter daily. Three days prior to weaning, both groups were supplemented with 250 g of starter feed paste per day; The paste for the Con group was prepared using distilled water, while that for the Px group was prepared using the 3% isotonic protein solution. The experimental period lasted 24 days. Results indicated that isotonic protein supplementation significantly improved weaning weight, average daily gain during days 1-24 and days 16-24, and enhanced jejunal villus height (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of jejunal tissues identified 163 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 105 up-regulated and 58 down-regulated genes. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were primarily involved in key biological processes and signaling pathways, such as ion transport (SLC46A1, SLC40A1, SLC26A6), mineral absorption (S100G), ferroptosis regulation, amino acid metabolism, and vitamin digestion, also include specific genes such as ICA and TRPM6. These findings suggest that isotonic protein supplementation during the suckling period enhances growth performance and promotes intestinal development in suckling piglets. The underlying mechanism may be associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in mineral and vitamin absorption and transport in the jejunum, thereby influencing intestinal development and nutrient utilization efficiency.

Key words: isotonic protein solution, suckling piglets, growth performance, intestinal morphology, transcriptomic analysis

中图分类号:

S828.5

龚常亮, 靳奥龙, 赵永聚, 肖遥, 陈小川. 早期补充等渗蛋白溶液对哺乳仔猪生长性能、空肠发育及转录组变化的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5623-5634.

GONG Changliang, JIN Aolong, ZHAO Yongju, XIAO Yao, CHEN Xiaochuan. Effects of Early Isotonic Protein Solution Supplementation on Growth Performance, Jejunal Development, and Transcriptomic Alterations in Suckling Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5623-5634.

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原料Ingredients	含量/% Content	营养水平¹ Nutrient levels	含量/% Content
葡萄糖Glucose	61	粗蛋白Crude protein	16.98
乳清蛋白Whey protein	21	粗脂肪Crude fat	33.2
柠檬酸Citric acid	5.2	粗纤维Crude fiber	2.43
钠⁺ Na⁺	5.2	粗灰分Crude ash	15.0
钾⁺ K⁺	5.3	赖氨酸Lysine	0.45
谷氨酸钠Sodium glutamate	1.8	精氨酸Arginine	0.05
苯甲酸钠Sodium benzoate	0.5	异亮氨酸Isoleucine	0.07
总计Total	100

原料Ingredient	含量/% Content	营养水平² Nutrient levels	含量/% Content
玉米Corn	58	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1)Digestion	16.98
油脂Grease	2	粗蛋白Crude protein	15.73
豆粕Soybean meal	21	粗脂肪Crude fat	7.38
鱼粉Fish meal	2	钙Calcium	0.88
乳清粉Whey	6	总磷Total phosphorus	0.59
膨化大豆Extruded soybean	6	赖氨酸Lysine	0.67
预混料¹ Premix¹	5	精氨酸Arginine	0.71
总计Total	100	异亮氨酸Isoleucine	0.56

基因 Gene	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequences(5′→3′)	登录号 GenBank accession No.
SLC46A1	F：CTGGGACTCTAGGCTGATCG R：AGTGATGACCAGCGACAGAA	NM_001243383
SLC40A1	F：TGTCCCTGAGATGAGCCCTAAACC R：AAGACCGATTCTAGCAGCAATGACG	XM_003483701
SLC26A6	F：GGTTGGTGCTCGTGCTGGTG R：TGCCGTAGGAGATGCCTGTGG	NM_001012298
ICA	F：CCGAAGACTGTATCGCCAAG R：ACCCTTTCTCTGGTGTGTTTAC	NM_001244653
β-actin	F：TCTGGCACCACACCTTCT R：TGATCTGGGTCATCTTCTCAC	XM_021086047.1

项目 Item	组别Group		P 值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组Con group	试验组Px group	P 值 P-value
体重/kg Body weight
1 d	1.48±0.18	1.48±0.26	0.99
8 d	2.90±0.40	2.93±0.46	0.92
16 d	5.11±0.43	4.92±0.64	0.52
24 d	6.81±0.38	7.22±0.16	0.03
平均日增重/g Average daily weight gain
1~8 d	178.77±46.91	177.14±36.61	0.94
8~16 d	275.36±45.11	249.06±38.80	0.21
16~24 d	214.80±32.84	270.81±50.76	0.02
1~24 d	217.98±18.07	239.29±7.02	0.02

项目 Item	组别Group		P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组Con group	试验组Px group	P值 P-value
空肠Jejunum
绒毛高度/μm VH	599.40±15.70	643.99±30.26	0.01
隐窝深度/μm CD	125.13±29.18	138.34±25.35	0.41
绒毛/隐窝V/C	4.98±0.97	4.81±1.03	0.77
回肠Ileum
绒毛高度/μm VH	464.13±49.51	474.89±47.17	0.72
隐窝深度/μm CD	117.89±8.52	121.39±15.94	0.67
绒毛/隐窝V/C	3.95±0.42	3.94±0.37	0.97