一株欧洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒流行毒株的分子特征与致病性

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)分为欧洲型和美洲型两个种，即PRRSV-1和PRRSV-2，病毒存在基因变异，严重危害世界养猪业健康发展。本研究采用猪肺泡巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophages,PAMs)从贵州省某发病猪场发病仔猪的肺脏组织分离获得1株PRRSV-1 GZ0308。该病毒株基因组全长14 970 bp，与PRRSV-1毒株LV相似性为86.99%，与PRRSV-2 VR2332相似性为66.49%。基因进化树分析，GZ0308毒株位于PRRSV-1的亚型1的一个新的分支。与LV毒株基因比较，GZ0308 NSP2基因编码区含有43个不连续氨基酸缺失，ORF3和ORF4的重叠区域存在5个连续氨基酸的缺失。5周龄仔猪以10^5.5TCID₅₀·mL^-1的病毒滴度分别肌肉和滴鼻接种GZ0308毒株病毒液各2 mL，结果显示，与对照组相比，GZ0308攻毒组仔猪出现短时体温升高、精神萎靡、日增重显著减少、肺脏出现典型弥漫性间质性肺炎病变，证明该毒株对仔猪具有致病性，从而为我国PRRSV分子流行病学研究提供了新的数据。

关键词: 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒, 欧洲型, 分子特征, 致病性

Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), comprising two distinct species, PRRSV-1 (European genotype) and PRRSV-2 (North American genotype), exhibits significant genetic variability and poses a substantial threat to global swine production. In this study, a PRRSV-1 strain, designated GZ0308, was isolated from the lung tissue of infected piglets on a farm in Guizhou Province using porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The complete genome of GZ0308 spans 14 970 nucleotides, displaying 86.99% nucleotide identity with the PRRSV-1 reference strain LV and 66.49% with the PRRSV-2 strain VR2332. Phylogenetic analysis positioned GZ0308 within a novel branch of PRRSV-1 subtype 1. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that GZ0308 harbors 43 discontinuous amino acid deletions in the NSP2 coding region and a 5-amino-acid deletion in the overlapping region of ORF3 and ORF4 relative to the LV strain. To assess pathogenicity, five-week-old piglets were inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 2 mL of viral suspension (10^5.5TCID₅₀·mL^-1 per route). Compared to the control group, GZ0308-infected piglets exhibited transient pyrexia, lethargy, and a significant reduction in average daily weight gain. Postmortem examination identified characteristic diffuse interstitial pneumonia lesions, confirming the strain’s pathogenicity in piglets. These findings contribute novel data to the molecular epidemiology of PRRSV in China and underscore the need for continued surveillance of emerging PRRSV variants.

Key words: PRRSV, the European type, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

苏潼键, 张路捷, 孙杨杨, 张杰, 孙海凤, 姜平, 白娟. 一株欧洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒流行毒株的分子特征与致病性[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 6281-6292.

SU Tongjian, ZHANG Lujie, SUN Yangyang, ZHANG Jie, SUN Haifeng, JIANG Ping, BAI Juan. Molecular Characteristics and Pathogenicity of an Epidemic Strain of European Type Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6281-6292.

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