贾第虫对长爪沙鼠的致病性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

十二指肠贾第虫(Giardia duodenalis)是一种重要的人兽共患寄生虫，可引起宿主腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐与发育迟缓等症状。长爪沙鼠(Mongolian gerbil)是多种肠道寄生虫稳定可靠的动物感染模型，之前有报道建立了贾第虫感染长爪沙鼠模型，但缺乏系统的致病性评估。为进一步探讨贾第虫对长爪沙鼠的致病性，本研究使用30只3周龄长爪沙鼠，随机分为正常对照组与感染组，感染组每只经口感染5×10⁶个贾第虫滋养体，成功建立动物感染模型后在第3、7、14、21和28天每组随机剖杀3只，分别统计体重，肠道荷虫量，肠道病理变化，肠道超微结构变化，以及细胞因子含量变化来评估贾第虫的致病性，同时也观察体内外贾第虫滋养体分化成囊过程中的形态学变化。结果显示：与正常对照组相比，沙鼠感染贾第虫后出现发育迟缓、体重增长缓慢等症状；通过滋养体负荷计数、肠道病理切片与扫描电镜观察到肠道中有大量滋养体附着，感染后肠道绒毛萎缩变钝、隐窝加深和肠道绒隐比下降；贾第虫感染后血清细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17和TNF-α升高，IL-10降低；体内外成囊结果发现贾第虫滋养体在pH与胆汁含量影响下形态变圆，鞭毛与吸盘退化等，最终形成包囊。本试验成功建立了贾第虫动物感染模型，并系统评价了其致病性，为研究贾第虫的致病机制、免疫学以及药物研发提供了基础。

关键词: 贾第虫, 感染模型, 致病性

Abstract:

Giardia duodenalis is one of the significant zoonotic enteric protozoan parasites instigating symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and delayed development in the susceptible hosts. The Mongolian gerbil has long been employed as a stable and reliable animal model to establish infection and subsequently study pathogenic dynamics of various intestinal parasites. Although previous reports have established an infection model of G. duodenalis in Mongolian gerbils, a systematic assessment of its pathogenicity was lacking. With an aim to investigate the pathogenicity of G. duodenalis in Mongolian gerbils, this study meticulously used 30 three-week-old gerbils which were randomly divided into control and treatment (infected group). An oral dose of 5×10⁶ G. duodenalis trophozoites were administered to each gerbil to establish intestinal infection. Three gerbils from each group were randomly euthanized at the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day post-infection to evaluate changes in their body weight, overall pathogenicity of G. duodenalis including its infection burden, gross pathological and ultrastructural alterations in the intestine, and fluctuation in cytokine levels. Morphological changes during the encystation process of G. duodenalis were also observed both internally and externally. The results revealed that artificially infected gerbils by G. duodenalis manifested retarded development and slow weight gain. After counting trophozoite burden and scanning electron microscopy of pathological sections of intestine it was evident that myriad of trophozoites were attached to the intestine. Following infection significant villous atrophy was witnessed with blunting morphology accompanied by deepening crypts resulting in decreased villous: crypt ratio. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α were elevated following G. duodenalis infection while IL-10 decreased. Encystation results showed that pH and bile content influence the morphological changes like rounding off of trophozoites coupled with flagellar and adhesive disc degeneration ultimately leading to cyst formation. This study successfully established Mongolian gerbil as a suitable animal infection model for G. duodenalis, and systematic evaluation of its pathogenicity laid a foundation for further research pertaining to G. duodenalis pathogenicity, host's immune responses and development of potential drug.

Key words: Giardia duodenalis, infection model, pathogenicity

中图分类号:

张营营, 郭佳业, 许会艳, 毋亚运, 吴龙飞, 孙嵩英, 赵文超, 张龙现, 张素梅, 李俊强. 贾第虫对长爪沙鼠的致病性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(3): 1408-1418.

ZHANG Yingying, GUO Jiaye, XU Huiyan, WU Yayun, WU Longfei, SUN Songying, ZHAO Wenchao, ZHANG Longxian, ZHANG Sumei, LI Junqiang. Analysis of the Pathogenicity of Giardia duodenalis to Mongolian gerbils[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1408-1418.

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试验阶段 Stages	组别Groups
试验阶段 Stages	正常对照组 Control group	感染组 Infected group
第3天Day 3	0	2^*
第7天Day 7	0	4^**
第14天Day 14	0	6^***
第21天Day 21	0	3^**
第28天Day 28	0	1^*

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