槲皮万寿菊素对过氧化氢攻毒肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化、免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.020

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 5600-5611.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.020

槲皮万寿菊素对过氧化氢攻毒肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化、免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

胡文悦¹(), 梁慧情¹, 赵鹏宇²^,³, 冯思嘉¹, 姚子豪¹, 韩帅娟¹^,*(), 陈宝江¹^,*()

1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071001
2. 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司, 邯郸 056000
3. 河北省植物源动物保健品技术创新中心, 邯郸 056000

收稿日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-11-23 发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者: 韩帅娟,陈宝江 E-mail:huwenyueya@163.com;hansjuan@163.com;chenbaojiang@vip.sina.com
作者简介:胡文悦(1999-)，女，河北保定人，硕士生，主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail: huwenyueya@163.com
基金资助:
河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2022204218)；国家自然科学基金项目(32302787)

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Quercetagetin on the Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Antioxidant and Immunity Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide

HU Wenyue¹(), LIANG Huiqing¹, ZHAO Pengyu²^,³, FENG Sijia¹, YAO Zihao¹, HAN Shuaijuan¹^,*(), CHEN Baojiang¹^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
2. Chenguang Biotechnology Group Co., LTD, Handan 056000, China
3. Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan 056000, China

Received:2025-03-03 Online:2025-11-23 Published:2025-11-27
Contact: HAN Shuaijuan, CHEN Baojiang E-mail:huwenyueya@163.com;hansjuan@163.com;chenbaojiang@vip.sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究饲粮中添加槲皮万寿菊素(quercetagetin, QG)对过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂)攻毒肉鸡的屠宰性能、肉品质、血清抗氧化与免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机设计，选取240只1日龄科宝(Cobb)肉鸡，随机分为3组：对照组(饲喂基础饲粮+37日龄腹腔注射1.0 mL·kg^-1 BW生理盐水)，H₂O₂组(饲喂基础饲粮+37日龄腹腔注射1.0 mL·kg^-1 BW的10% H₂O₂溶液)，QG组(饲喂添加100 mg·kg^-1 QG的基础饲粮+37日龄腹腔注射1.0 mL·kg^-1 BW的10% H₂O₂溶液)，每组8个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验期总计42 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比，H₂O₂组肉鸡的屠宰率、腿肌率显著降低(P < 0.05)；饲粮添加QG使肉鸡的屠宰率、腿肌率与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比，H₂O₂组腿肌的红度a^*显著降低(P < 0.05)，蒸煮损失显著提高(P < 0.05)；饲粮添加QG使腿肌的a^*和蒸煮损失与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比，H₂O₂组肉鸡血清中SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC、CAT活性和IgA、IgG、C3含量显著降低(P < 0.05)，MDA水平和IgM和TNF-α含量显著提高(P < 0.05)；但与H₂O₂组相比，饲粮中添加QG后可显著提高肉鸡血清中SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC、CAT活性和IgA、C3含量(P < 0.05)，并显著降低MDA水平(P < 0.05)。4)厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是肉鸡盲肠门水平的优势门。与对照组相比，H₂O₂组的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著降低(P < 0.05)，QG组的拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)相对丰度显著升高(P < 0.05)。综上所述：饲粮添加100 mg·kg^-1 QG可以通过提高抗氧化和免疫功能，优化盲肠菌群结构，缓解H₂O₂诱导的氧化应激对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质的不利影响，为QG在肉鸡健康养殖中的科学应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 槲皮万寿菊素, 过氧化氢, 肉鸡, 抗氧化能力, 肠道微生物

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of adding quercetagetin (QG) to the diet on the slaughter performance, meat quality, serum antioxidant and immune functions, and gut microbiota of broiler chickens challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). A single-factor completely randomized design was adopted in the experiment. A total of 240 one-day-old Cobb broiler chickens were selected and divided into three groups: the control group (fed a basal diet+intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mL·kg^-1 BW of normal saline at 37 days of age), the H₂O₂ group (fed a basal diet+intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mL·kg^-1 BW of a 10% H₂O₂ solution at 37 days of age), and the QG group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg·kg^-1 QG+intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mL·kg^-1 BW of a 10% H₂O₂ solution at 37 days of age). Each group had 8 replicates, with 10 chickens in each replicate. The experimental period lasted for 42 days in total. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the control group, the slaughter rate and leg muscle rate of broiler chickens in the H₂O₂ group were decreased (P < 0.05); The addition of QG to the diet led to no significant difference in the slaughter rate and leg muscle rate of broiler chickens compared with the control group (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the redness (a^*) of the leg muscle in the H₂O₂ group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the cooking loss increased significantly (P < 0.05); The addition of QG to the diet resulted in no significantly difference in the a^* value and cooking loss of the leg muscle compared with the control group (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT), as well as the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and complement 3 (C3) in the serum of broiler chickens in the H₂O₂ group were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the contents of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were increased significantly (P < 0.05); However, compared with the H₂O₂ group, the addition of QG to the diet significantly increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and CAT, as well as the contents of IgA, and C3 in the serum of broiler chickens (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased the MDA level (P < 0.05). 4) Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla at the phylum level in the cecum of broiler chickens. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the H₂O₂ group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the QG group increased significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 100 mg·kg^-1 of QG to the diet can mitigate the adverse effects of H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress on the slaughter performance and meat quality of broiler chickens by enhancing antioxidant and immune functions and optimizing the structure of the cecal microbiota. This provides a theoretical basis for the scientific application of QG in the healthy farming of broiler chickens.

Key words: quercetagetin, hydrogen peroxide, broiler, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota

中图分类号:

S831.5

胡文悦, 梁慧情, 赵鹏宇, 冯思嘉, 姚子豪, 韩帅娟, 陈宝江. 槲皮万寿菊素对过氧化氢攻毒肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化、免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5600-5611.

HU Wenyue, LIANG Huiqing, ZHAO Pengyu, FENG Sijia, YAO Zihao, HAN Shuaijuan, CHEN Baojiang. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Quercetagetin on the Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Antioxidant and Immunity Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5600-5611.

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47	LIAO X , SHAO Y , SUN G , et al. The relationship among gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal morphology of growing and healthy broilers[J]. Poult Sci, 2020, 99 (11): 5883- 5895. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.033
48	YANG F , CHEN H , GAO Y , et al. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and hypertension: mechanism and treatment[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 130, 110503. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110503
49	FAN Y , JU T , BHARDWAJ T , et al. Week-old chicks with high Bacteroides abundance have increased short-chain fatty acids and reduced markers of gut inflammation[J]. Microbiol Spectr, 2023, 11 (2): e0361622. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03616-22

项目 Item	阶段Stage
项目 Item	0~3周0 to 3 weeks	4~6周4 to 6 weeks
原料Ingredients
玉米Corn	53.87	62.03
豆粕Soybean meal	39.90	31.70
大豆油Soybean oil	2.20	2.80
磷酸氢钙Dicalcium phosphate	1.74	1.39
石粉Limestone	0.98	0.89
氯化钠Sodium chloride	0.30	0.30
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lysine HCl	0.25	0.21
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Methionine	0.16	0.15
L-苏氨酸L-Threonine	0.10	0.03
预混料Premix¹	0.50	0.50
总计Total	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels²
干物质Dry matter	90.26	90.06
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) Metabolizable energy	12.45	12.97
粗蛋白质Crude protein	21.75	19.23
钙Calcium	0.89	0.76
总磷Total phosphorus	0.75	0.66
非植酸磷	0.59	0.53
可消化氨基酸Digestible amino acid
赖氨酸Lysine	1.22	1.02
蛋氨酸Methionine	0.46	0.42
苏氨酸Threonine	0.83	0.66
色氨酸Tryptophan	0.24	0.20
缬氨酸Valine	0.95	0.82

项目 Item	组别Group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control group	H₂O₂组 H₂O₂ group	QG组 QG group	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
屠宰率Carcass yield	91.76^a	90.28^b	91.43^ab	0.47	0.044
半净膛率Half-eviscerated yield	84.20	82.73	84.30	0.65	0.092
全净膛率Eviscerated yield	71.52	70.74	73.32	1.82	0.404
胸肌率Breast muscle yield	29.78	25.44	29.28	2.11	0.160
腿肌率Thigh muscle yield	17.61^a	16.60^b	17.40^a	0.21	0.006

项目 Item	组别Group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control group	H₂O₂组 H₂O₂ group	QG组 QG group	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
脾脏指数Splenic index	2.24	2.06	2.19	0.27	0.790
胸腺指数Thymus index	1.89	2.07	1.93	0.19	0.633
法氏囊指数Bursa of fabricus index	0.95	0.93	0.97	0.13	0.955
心脏指数Heart index	4.09	4.62	4.67	0.29	0.111
肝脏指数Liver index	19.17	18.74	20.38	1.31	0.446

项目 Item	组别Group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control group	H₂O₂组 H₂O₂ group	QG组 QG group	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
pH_45min	6.84	6.86	6.94	0.10	0.520
pH_24h	6.68	6.59	6.69	0.09	0.464
亮度L^*	42.83	46.49	43.33	0.21	0.235
红度a^*	11.58^a	8.89^b	9.91^ab	0.69	0.004
黄度b^*	7.96	10.90	9.65	1.57	0.200
滴水损失/% Drip loss	2.07	1.89	1.95	0.47	0.933
蒸煮损失/% Cooking loss	24.69^b	29.97^a	26.96^ab	1.84	0.033
剪切力/N Shear force value	12.49	15.33	12.85	1.53	0.165

项目 Item	组别Group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control group	H₂O₂组 H₂O₂ group	QG组 QG group	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
丙二醛/(nmol·mL^-1)MDA	2.74^c	4.82^a	3.45^b	0.18	＜0.001
超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^-1)SOD	521.71^a	206.86^c	464.56^b	21.40	＜0.001
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/(U·mL^-1)GSH-Px	510.61^a	303.23^c	369.14^b	16.07	＜0.001
过氧化氢酶/(U·mL^-1)CAT	78.30^a	36.19^c	66.11^b	2.83	＜0.001
总抗氧化能力/(U·mL^-1)T-AOC	22.69^a	11.65^c	20.63^b	0.81	＜0.001

槲皮万寿菊素对过氧化氢攻毒肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化、免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Quercetagetin on the Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Antioxidant and Immunity Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide

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项目 Item	组别Group			标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control group	H₂O₂组 H₂O₂ group	QG组 QG group	标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
免疫球蛋白A/(μg·mL^-1) IgA	350.54^a	313.16^b	373.80^a	12.37	＜0.001
免疫球蛋白G/(μg·mL^-1) IgG	329.73^a	304.77^b	316.12^ab	8.52	0.030
免疫球蛋白M/(μg·mL^-1) IgM	110.87^b	135.27^a	123.65^ab	5.30	0.001
补体C3/(μg·mL^-1) C3	129.68^a	116.89^b	136.16^a	4.85	0.003
补体C4/(μg·mL^-1) C4	36.37	32.12	33.14	3.25	0.411
白细胞介素-1β/(pg·mL^-1) IL-1β	19.96	22.66	21.58	1.15	0.086
白细胞介素-6/(pg·mL^-1) IL-6	3.69	3.79	3.73	1.16	0.806
肿瘤坏死因子-α/(pg·mL^-1) TNF-α	14.51^b	17.49^a	16.39^ab	0.79	0.005