广东地区鹅源大肠杆菌耐药性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解广东地区鹅源大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli，E. coli)的药物敏感性、耐药基因的携带情况以及耐药表型与耐药基因的相关性，本试验对2015—2023年分离鉴定的387株鹅源大肠杆菌采用K-B纸片扩散法对25种药物进行药敏试验，采用PCR方法检测19种耐药基因，统计分析分离株的耐药表型及耐药基因型相关性。试验结果显示，分离菌株对多黏菌素B和美罗培南的敏感率最高，耐药率仅为1.29%、1.03%；对部分β-内酰胺类(青霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢拉定、头孢唑林)和四环素类(四环素、多西环素)耐药率高达90%以上；其余大部分药物耐药率处于40%~70%之间。多重耐药统计结果显示：分离菌株的耐药谱高达314种，其中99.22%的分离株表现为2重及以上耐药。耐药基因的检测结果显示：19种耐药基因中tetA、aph(3’)-1、sul2、floR、qnrS、aadA1、bla_CTX-M检测率较高，依次分别为89.66%、86.30%、73.64%、73.13%、70.54%、70.03%、60.72%，mcr-1的检测率最低，为5.68%。相关性分析结果显示，耐药基因bla_CTX-M、bla_NDM、bla_TEM、bla_OXA、对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的产生具有极显著或显著的相关性(P < 0.01)；耐药基因aadA1的携带情况与新霉素、链霉素、大观霉素和安普霉素耐药株的产生具有极显著相关性(P < 0.01)；aph(3’)-1的携带情况与新霉素、链霉素、大观霉素和安普霉素耐药株的产生具有极显著相关性(P < 0.01)。本研究为广东地区鹅群防治大肠杆菌病的临床用药方案提供参考。

关键词: 鹅, 大肠杆菌, 药敏试验, 耐药表型, 耐药基因

Abstract:

This study aimed to understand the drug susceptibility, the carriage of resistance genes, and the correlation between resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from geese in Guangdong. We conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 387 strains of E. coli isolated and identified from 2015 to 2023 using the K-B disk diffusion method for 25 drugs and detected 19 resistance genes using PCR. The correlation between resistance phenotypes and genotypes of the isolated strains was statistically analyzed. The results showed that the sensitivity rate of the isolated strains to polymyxin B and meropenem was the highest, with a resistance rate of only 1.29% and 1.03%, respectively; the resistance rate to someβ-lactams (penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefradine, cefazolin) and tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline) reached over 90%; the resistance rate to most other drugs was between 40% and 70%. The results of multiple drug resistance statistics showed that the resistance spectrum of the isolated strains reached 314 types, with 99.22% of the isolated strains exhibiting resistance to two or more drugs. The detection results of resistance genes showed that among the 19 resistance genes, the detection rates of bla_CTX-M, aadA1, aph(3′)-1, qnrS, floR, tetA, sul2 were relatively high, at 60.72%, 70.03%, 86.30%, 70.54%, 73.13%, 89.66%, and 73.64%, respectively, while the detection rate of mcr-1 was the lowest, at 5.68%. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that the presence of resistance genes bla_CTX-M, bla_NDM, bla_TEM and bla_OXA has an extremely significant or significant correlation with the production of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (P < 0.01); the carriage of the resistance gene aadA1 has an extremely significant correlation with the production of neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, and apramycin-resistant strains (P < 0.01); the carriage of the resistance gene aph(3')-1 has an extremely significant correlation with the production of neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, and apramycin-resistant strains (P < 0.01). This study provides a reference for the clinical medication program for the prevention and treatment of E. colidisease in geese in Guangdong.

Key words: goose, Escherichia coli, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, drug-resistant phenotype, Drug resistance genes

中图分类号:

S852.612

余冰瑜, 叶一潼, 陈亦杏, 张美琳, 杨智灿, 陈济铛, 朱婉君, 张济培. 广东地区鹅源大肠杆菌耐药性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 5202-5211.

YU Bingyu, YE Yitong, CHEN Yixing, ZHANG Meilin, YANG Zhican, CHEN Jidang, ZHU Wanjun, ZHANG Jipei. Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Escherichia coli from Goose in Guangdong[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 5202-5211.

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药物类型 Drug category	药物 Antibacterials	耐药 Resistance	中介 Intermediary	敏感 Sensitivity
β-内酰胺类 β-lactam class	青霉素Penicillin	100.00(387/387)	0.00(0/387)	0(0/387)
	头孢唑林Cefazolin	97.93(379/387)	2.07(8/387)	0(0/387)
	头孢拉定Cefradine	95.09(368/387)	4.13(16/387)	0.78(3/387)
	阿莫西林Amoxicillin	93.54(362/387)	6.46(25/387)	0(0/387)
	氨苄西林Ampicillin	92.25(357/387)	7.49(29/387)	0.26(1/387)
	头孢噻呋Ceftiofu	56.33(218/387)	39.79(154/387)	3.88(15/387)
	氨苄西林/舒巴坦Ampicillin/sulbactam	47.55(184/387)	36.69(142/387)	15.76(61/387)
	阿莫西林/克拉维酸Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid	7.49(29/387)	61.24(237/387)	31.27(121/387)
	美罗培南Meropenem	1.29(5/387)	0.00(0/387)	98.71(382/387)
氨基糖苷类 Aminoglycoside	链霉素Streptomycin	91.99(356/387)	7.75(30/387)	0.26(1/387)
	新霉素Neomycin	75.45(292/387)	22.48(87/387)	2.07(8/387)
	大观霉素Spectinomycin	62.79(243/387)	32.04(124/387)	5.17(20/387)
	丁胺卡那Amikacin	54.26(210/387)	34.37(133/387)	11.37(44/387)
	安普霉素Apramycin	45.22(175/387)	50.90(197/387)	3.88(15/387)
	庆大霉素Gentamicin	43.41(168/387)	16.02(62/387)	40.57(157/387)
大环内酯类 Macrolides	阿奇霉素Azithromycin	52.97(205/387)	42.89(166/387)	4.13(16/387)
酰胺醇类 Amidochols	氟苯尼考Florfenicol	75.19(291/387)	14.73(57/387)	10.08(39/387)
四环素类 Tetracyclines	四环素Tetracycline	95.09(368/387)	4.91(19/387)	0(0/387)
四环素类 Tetracyclines	多西环素Doxycycline	94.57(366/387)	4.39(17/387)	0.26(1/387)
喹诺酮类 Quinolones	恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin	82.43(319/387)	16.54(64/387)	0.26(1/387)
	环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	74.16(287/387)	22.48(87/387)	3.36(13/387)
	氧氟沙星Ofloxacin	67.18(260/387)	18.60(72/387)	14.21(55/387)
	诺氟沙星Norfloxacin	58.66(227/387)	25.06(97/387)	16.28(63/387)
磺胺类 Sulfonamides	复方新诺明Compound sulfamethoxazole	81.40(315/387)	9.56(37/387)	9.04(35/387)
多肽类 Polypeptides	多黏菌素B Polymyxin B	1.03(4/387)	10.08(39/387)	88.89(344/387)

药物类别 Drug category	药物名称 Antibacterials	基因型 Phenotype	R	S	χ²	P
β-内酰胺类 β-lactam class	青霉素Penicillin	bla_CTX-M	60.7%(235/387)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_TEM	49.6%(192/387)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_OXA	9.0%(35/387)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_SHV	12.1%(47/387)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_NDM	17.3%(67/387)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
	阿莫西林Amoxicillin	bla_CTX-M	60.7%(220/362)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_TEM	52.7%(191/362)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_OXA	9.3%(34/362)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_SHV	11.8%(43/362)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_NDM	17.4%(63/362)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
	头孢拉定Cefradine	bla_CTX-M	62.2%(229/368)	66.6%(2/3)	0.025	>0.05
		bla_TEM	50.8%(187/368)	33.3%(1/3)	0.364	>0.05
		bla_OXA	9.5%(35/368)	0(0/3)	0.315	>0.05
		bla_SHV	11.9%(44/368)	0(0/3)	0.407	>0.05
		bla_NDM	17.6%(65/368)	0(0/3)	0.642	>0.05
	头孢唑啉Cefazolin	bla_CTX-M	61.4%(233/379)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_TEM	50.3%(191/379)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_OXA	9.2%(35/379)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_SHV	12.1%(42/379)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		bla_NDM	17.4%(44/379)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
	头孢噻呋Ceftiofu	bla_CTX-M	84.8%(185/218)	20.0%(3/15)	14.373	< 0.01
		bla_TEM	51.8%(113/218)	40.0%(6/15)	0.42	>0.05
		bla_OXA	13.3%(29/218)	6.6%(1/15)	1.662	>0.05
		bla_SHV	11.4%(25/218)	13.3%(2/15)	0.313	>0.05
		bla_NDM	20.1%(44/218)	6.6%(1/15)	2.662	>0.05
	氨苄西林Ampicillin	bla_CTX-M	64.9%(232/357)	0(0/1)	1.749	>0.05
		bla_TEM	53.2%(190/357)	0(0/1)	1.095	>0.05
		bla_OXA	9.8%(35/357)	0(0/1)	0.107	>0.05
		bla_SHV	11.4%(41/357)	0(0/1)	0.128	>0.05
		bla_NDM	17.9%(64/357)	0(0/1)	0.216	>0.05
	美罗培南Meropenem	bla_CTX-M	60%(3/5)	60.7%(232/382)	0.001	>0.05
		bla_TEM	80.0%(4/5)	49.2%(188/382)	1.871	>0.05
		bla_OXA	0(0/5)	9.1%(35/382)	0.504	>0.05
		bla_SHV	20.0%(0/5)	12.0%(46/382)	0.293	>0.05
		bla_NDM	100%(5/5)	16.2%(62/382)	24.193	< 0.01
	阿莫西林/克拉维酸 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid	bla_CTX-M	68.9%(20/29)	52.8%(64/121)	22.615	< 0.01
		bla_TEM	62.0%(18/29)	46.2%(56/121)	19.253	< 0.01
		bla_OXA	31.0%(9/29)	1.6%(2/121)	14.412	< 0.01
		bla_SHV	31.0%(9/29)	9.0%(11/121)	10.401	< 0.05
		bla_NDM	34.4%(10/29)	9.0%(11/121)	13.126	< 0.01
	氨苄西林/舒巴坦 Ampicillin/sulbactam	bla_CTX-M	72.2%(133/184)	29.5%(18/61)	93.601	< 0.01
		bla_TEM	55.9%(103/184)	27.8%(17/61)	45.435	< 0.01
		bla_OXA	16.3%(30/184)	3.2%(2/61)	0.517	>0.05
		bla_SHV	15.2%(28/184)	16.3%(10/61)	0.293	>0.05
		bla_NDM	17.3%(32/184)	19.6%(12/61)	0.074	>0.05
氨基糖苷类 Aminoglycoside	新霉素Neomycin	aadA1	73.9%(216/292)	75.0%(6/8)	88.392	< 0.01
		aph(3’)-1	85.2%(249/292)	100%(8/8)	133.357	< 0.01
		rmtB	31.1%(91/292)	0(0/8)	14.929	< 0.01
		aac(6’)-Ib-cr	22.2%(65/292)	25%(2/8)	3.901	< 0.05
	链霉素Streptomycin	aadA1	72.4%(258/356)	100%(1/1)	31.75	< 0.01
		aph(3’)-1	86.5%(308/356)	100%(1/1)	65.935	< 0.01
		rmtB	28.6%(102/356)	100%(1/1)	3.102	>0.05
		aac(6’)-Ib-cr	23.3%(83/356)	100%(1/1)	1.741	>0.05
	大观霉素Spectinomycin	aadA1	84.3%(205/243)	50.0%(10/20)	14.636	< 0.01
		aph(3’)-1	90.1%(219/243)	75.0%(15/20)	7.309	< 0.01
		rmtB	36.6%(89/243)	25.0%(5/20)	2.843	>0.05
		aac(6’)-Ib-cr	23.0%(56/243)	30.0%(6/20)	0.02	>0.05
	丁胺卡那Amikacin	aadA1	72.8%(153/210)	68.1%(30/44)	0.134	>0.05
		aph(3’)-1	87.1%(183/210)	86.3%(38/44)	0.067	>0.05
		rmtB	39.5%(83/210)	13.6%(6/44)	10.752	< 0.05
		aac(6’)-Ib-cr	24.7%(52/210)	25.0%(11/44)	0.234	>0.05
	庆大霉素Gentamicin	aadA1	79.7%(134/168)	63.6%(100/157)	9.605	< 0.05
		aph(3’)-1	85.7%(144/168)	88.5%(139/157)	0.22	>0.05
		rmtB	45.2%(76/168)	17.1%(27/157)	31.971	< 0.01
		aac(6’)-Ib-cr	28.5%(48/168)	19.1%(30/157)	6.083	< 0.05
	安普霉素Apramycin	aadA1	72%(126/175)	66.6%(10/15)	34.542	< 0.01
		aph(3’)-1	89.1%(156/175)	80.0%(12/15)	58.123	< 0.01
		rmtB	34.8%(61/175)	20.0%(3/15)	10.284	< 0.05
		aac(6’)-Ib-cr	22.2%(38/175)	20.0%(3/15)	3.148	>0.05
喹诺酮类 Quinolones	恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin	qnrS	71.1%(227/319)	25.0%(1/4)	24.706	< 0.01
	恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin	oqxA	29.4%(94/319)	25.0%(1/4)	2.663	>0.05
	环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	qnrS	69.6%(200/287)	69.2%(9/13)	9.462	< 0.05
	环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin	oqxA	70.0%(201/287)	30.7%(4/13)	1.862	>0.05
	氧氟沙星Ofloxacin	qnrS	67.3%(175/260)	67.2%(37/55)	1.956	>0.05
	氧氟沙星Ofloxacin	oqxA	32.6%(85/260)	21.8%(15/55)	4.975	< 0.05
	诺氟沙星Norfloxacin	qnrS	64.3%(146/227)	73.0%(46/63)	0.016	>0.05
	诺氟沙星Norfloxacin	oqxA	33.0%(75/227)	25.3%(16/63)	2.694	>0.05
酰胺醇类 Amidochols	氟苯尼考Florfenicol	floR	92.0%(268/291)	15.3%(6/39)	173.57	< 0.01
四环素类 etracyclines	四环素Tetracycline	tetA	92.1%(339/368)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		tetB	13.8%(51/368)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
		tetM	6.2%(23/368)	0(0/0)	0	>0.05
	多西环素Doxycycline	tetA	92.0%(337/366)	50.0%(2/4)	9.126	< 0.05
		tetB	13.6% (50/366)	0(0/4)	0.632	>0.05
		tetM	6.2%(23/366)	0(0/4)	0.268	>0.05
磺胺类 Sulfonamides	复方新诺明 Compound sulfamethoxazole	sul1	48.2%(152/315)	40.0%(14/35)	0.767	>0.05
		sul2	75.2%(237/315)	51.4%(18/35)	7.454	< 0.01
		sul3	13.9%(44/315)	2.8%(1/35)	3.595	>0.05
多肽类 Polypeptides	多黏菌素B Polymyxin B	mcr-1	25.0%(1/4)	4.3%(15/344)	4.181	< 0.05

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