猪胚胎冷冻保存的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.11.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胚胎冷冻保存对于胚胎的远距离移植和遗传资源的保护具有重要意义。然而，猪胚胎由于其胞质脂肪含量高，对低温敏感，增加了其保存难度。研究表明，通过降低脂质含量、优化培养基成分、保护细胞骨架以及恢复线粒体功能等方式，能够提高猪胚胎冷冻保存技术的效率，从而促进其广泛应用。因此，本文介绍了胚胎冷冻保存技术，总结了提高胚胎冷冻效率的多种方法和措施。同时，笔者团队将通过讨论猪胚胎的内在特性以及低温保存对转录组改变的影响，进一步关注猪胚胎低温保存的机制，从而更好地了解和推进猪胚胎低温保存的研究。

关键词: 猪, 胚胎, 冷冻保存, 玻璃化冷冻

Abstract:

Cryopreservation of embryos is important for long-distance embryo transfer and conservation of genetic resources. However, porcine embryos are sensitive to low temperatures due to their high cytoplasmic lipid content, which increases the difficulty of their preservation. Studies have indicated that techniques such as reducing lipid content and optimizing medium composition can significantly enhance the efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation. Additionally, protecting the cytoskeleton and restoring mitochondrial function are also crucial strategies that contribute to this advancement. These improvements collectively foster the broader application and sustainable development of this critical technology.Therefore, this article introduces embryo cryopreservation and summaries multiple methods and measures to improve embryo freezing efficiency. Meanwhile, the writers'team will focus more on the mechanism of cryopreservation of porcine embryos by discussing the intrinsic properties of embryos and the effects of cryopreservation on transcriptome alteration to help people better understand and advance research on porcine embryo cryopreservation.

Key words: porcine, embryo, cryopreservation, vitrification

中图分类号:

S828.3

董建华, 冯肖艺, 杨柏高, 李崇阳, 潘红梅, 吕丽华, 赵学明. 猪胚胎冷冻保存的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(11): 4796-4807.

Jianhua DONG, Xiaoyi FENG, Baigao YANG, Chongyang LI, Hongmei PAN, Lihua LÜ, Xueming ZHAO. Advances in Cryopreservation of Porcine Embryo[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(11): 4796-4807.

图/表 3

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物种 Species	评价指标 Evaluation indicator	新鲜胚胎/% Fresh embryo	冷冻胚胎/% Frozen embryo	参考文献 Reference
牛Cattle	妊娠率	51.35	35.89	[11]
猪Pig	囊胚腔恢复率	100.00	31.03	[12]
猪Pig	孵化率	90.90	66.70	[13]
羊Sheep	孵化率	91.89	77.50	[14]
羊Lamb	妊娠率	54.30	5.00	[15]
鼠Mouse	孵化率	92.90	89.40	[16]

胚胎阶段 Embryonic stage	玻璃化方法 Vitrification freezing	存活率/% Survival rate	囊胚率/% Blastocyst rate	孵化率/% Hatchability	参考文献 Reference
受精卵 Zygote	MD	98.5±0.7	21.1±1.5		[29]
	MVC	90.1±5.8	19.1±4.1		[30]
	SSV	93.4±63.5	15.8±62.1
2细胞	SOPS		66.1±6.0	4.9±3.4	[31]
2-Cell	SSV		76.5±5.2	3.6±2.5
4细胞	SOPS		53.8±6.9	9.1±6.2
4-Cell	SSV		34.5±6.3	5.0±5.0
桑葚胚 Morula	SOPS		94.6±3.0	58.5±6.8	[32]
	SSV		96.6±2.3	48.3±6.6	[32]
	MVC	95	74		[33]
	HFV		73.8	32.3	[22]
	HFV		77.6	10.6	[34]
	HFV		90.3	40.9	[35]
	MVC		31.5		[36]
囊胚 Blastocyst	SOPS	81.0±3.7		46.2±0.5	[37]
	MVAC	85.0	45.0		[38]
	Cryotop	79±6	21±6		[39]
	MD	26.8±2.7		2.5±2.5	[9]
	MVC	52.2±6.1		2.3±1.6	[9]
膨大囊胚 Expanded blastocyst	OPS	86.2		74.1	[40]
	MMV	84.4			[41]
	MVAC	88.9±3.9		69.4±7.3	[42]

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