仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料有效能的准确性及可加性研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.09.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料原料消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)和净能(NE)的准确性和可加性，为快速获得生长猪饲料的有效能值提供参考。采用单因素完全随机设计，以生长猪仿生消化法测定12个能量饲料、9个蛋白质饲料，以及由上述21个饲料原料配制的17个饲粮的酶水解物能值(EHGE)，每个处理5个重复，每个重复1根消化管。通过EHGE、粗蛋白(CP)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)估测DE、ME及NE值。比较饲料原料有效能(DE、ME、NE)估测值与GB/T 39235—2020中同本研究同名的17个饲料原料的能量利用率乘以总能(GE)实测值得出的体内有效能值的差异及相关性，以验证仿生消化法估测饲料有效能的准确性。根据饲料原料的有效能估测值计算饲粮有效能加权值，并根据饲粮EHGE估测有效能的数学模型获得饲粮的有效能值，比较两者的差异以验证仿生消化法估测饲料有效能值的可加性。结果表明，采用GB/T 39235—2020计算的17个饲料原料的DE、ME、NE对EHGE结合CP、ADF估测的有效能值线性回归模型的决定系数(R²)分别为0.774，0.778和0.870。回归诊断分析发现，米糠、小麦麸和玉米胚芽粕偏离了其他14个饲料原料样品体内值与估测值的线性关系(DFFITS>$ 2 \sqrt{\frac{p}{n}} $)。剔除上述3个样品后，GB/T 39235—2020计算的体内有效能对估测值线性回归的决定系数高于0.93。17个试验饲粮的EHGE实测值对加权计算值，DE、ME和NE的估测值对加权计算值的线性回归与Y=X重叠(R²>0.95，P < 0.01)。上述结果表明，仿生消化法可以满意地估测14个饲料样品的有效能值，但低估了米糠和小麦麸的有效能值，却高估了玉米胚芽粕的DE和ME。仿生消化法测定的EHGE及通过EHGE估测的DE、ME、NE均具有良好的可加性。

关键词: 生长猪, 饲料原料, 仿生消化法, 有效能

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy and additivity of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) predicted from simulated digestion method in feed for growing pig, which will provide a reference for quickly determining effective energy in feed. A single factorial completely randomized design was adopted for the determination of enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE) of 12 energy feed ingredients, 9 protein feed ingredients and 17 diets formulated by the above 21 feed ingredients.Each treatment contained 5 replicates with 1 digestive tube per replicate. The DE, ME and NE were predicted by EHGE combined with crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The difference and correlation between the predicted effective energy (DE, ME and NE) values and the in vivo values estimated by gross energy (GE) multiplied by energy utilization coefficients in the GB/T 939235—2020 of 17 feed ingredients with the same name as this study were calculated to verify the accuracy of effective energy predicted from simulated digestion method. The difference between the weighted values of effective energy calculated by individual value of feed ingredients and the values predicted by the mathematical model of effective energy from EHGE in the diets were compared to validate the additivity of effective energy predicted from simulated digestion method. The results showed that the coefficients of determination (R²) of the linear regression model of in vivo DE, ME and NE calculated from GB/T 939235—2020 against effective energy predicted from EHGE combined with CP and ADF of 17 feed ingredients were 0.774, 0.778 and 0.870, respectively. Regression diagnostic analysis indicated that rice bran, wheat bran and corn germ meal deviated from other 14 feed ingredients in the linear relationship between the in vivo and predicted values (DFFITS>$ 2 \sqrt{\frac{p}{n}} $). Excluding the above 3 samples, the R² of the linear regression of in vivo effective energy calculated from GB/T 939235—2020 on predicted values were greater than 0.93. The linear regression of determined EHGE on weighted calculation values and the predicted DE, ME and NE on weighted calculation values were consistent to the line of Y=X (R²>0.95, P < 0.01). These results indicate that the simulated digestion method can accurately predict the effective energy of 14 feed ingredients, but underestimate the effective energy of rice bran and wheat bran, whereas overestimate the DE and ME of corn germ meal. The EHGE determined by simulated digestion method and the DE, ME, NE which predicted from EHGE all have good additivity.

Key words: growing pig, feed ingredients, simulated digestion method, effective energy

中图分类号:

S816.32

任聪, 张虎, 王钰明, 解竞静, 萨仁娜, 赵峰. 仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料有效能的准确性及可加性研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(9): 3988-4000.

Cong REN, Hu ZHANG, Yuming WANG, Jingjing XIE, Renna SA, Feng ZHAO. Study on the Accuracy and Additivity of Effective Energy in Feed for Growing Pigs Predicted by Simulated Digestion Method[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(9): 3988-4000.

图/表 8

表 1

表 2

表 3

21个饲料原料EHGE以及根据EHGE、CP和ADF估测生长猪DE、ME和NE"

项目 Item	EHGE/(MJ·kg^－1 DM)	DE/(MJ·kg^－1 DM)			ME/(MJ·kg^－1 DM)			NE/(MJ·kg^－1 DM)
项目 Item	EHGE/(MJ·kg^－1 DM)	估测值¹⁾	体内值²⁾	差值³⁾	估测值¹⁾	体内值²⁾	差值³⁾	估测值¹⁾	体内值²⁾	差值³⁾
玉米 Corn	16.73	16.48	16.88	-0.40	16.19	16.37	-0.18	12.71	13.26	-0.55
高粱 Sorghum	17.08	16.71	16.77	-0.06	16.38	16.44	-0.06	12.67	12.97	-0.30
小麦 Wheat	15.92	16.11	16.79	-0.68	15.69	16.23	-0.54	11.98	12.11	-0.13
大麦 Barley	14.28	14.35	14.50	-0.15	13.96	14.21	-0.25	10.66	10.92	-0.26
木薯 Cassava	15.48	15.28	15.83	-0.55	15.06	15.62	-0.56	12.10	12.71	-0.61
面粉 Wheat flour	17.63	17.62	17.74	-0.12	17.19	17.28	-0.09	13.09	13.34	-0.25
次粉 Wheat middling	14.85	15.31	16.60	-1.29	14.79	16.20	-1.41	10.98	11.98	-1.00
碎米 Broken rice	17.58	17.24	17.33	-0.09	16.98	16.27	0.71	13.45	13.13	0.32
大米抛光粉 Rice polishing meal	17.24	16.96			16.58			12.70
米糠 Rice bran	14.01	13.53	15.58	-2.05	13.07	15.15	-2.08	9.45	11.80	-2.35
小麦麸 Wheat bran	9.51	10.42	12.79	-2.37	9.84	12.40	-2.56	6.92	8.88	-1.96
饼干渣 Biscuit meal	17.80	17.44			17.13			13.34
豆粕 Soybean meal	15.87	17.28	17.45	-0.17	16.17	16.67	-0.50	10.22	10.72	-0.50
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	11.44	13.02	12.07	0.95	11.85	11.22	0.63	6.52	8.18	-1.66
花生饼 Peanut cake	16.39	16.74	16.50	0.24	15.64	15.23	0.41	9.39	10.08	-0.69
柠檬酸糟 Citric acid meal	10.69	11.17			10.37			6.32
玉米DDGS(高脂) Corn DDGS (high oil)	14.92	15.36	15.48	-0.12	14.60	14.86	-0.26	9.91	10.52	-0.61
玉米DDGS(低脂) Corn DDGS (low oil)	13.66	14.64	14.49	0.15	13.91	13.91	0	9.67	9.76	-0.09
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	12.54	13.93	11.71	2.22	13.10	11.16	1.94	8.78	8.04	0.74
米糠粕 Rice bran meal	10.53	11.21	11.03	0.18	10.61	10.33	0.28	7.38	7.65	-0.27
小麦胚 Wheat germ	15.95	16.58			15.85			11.13

表 3

图 1

表 4

图 2

表 5

图 3

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项目 Item	水分 Moisture	粗蛋白质 Crude protein	粗灰分 Ash	粗脂肪 Ether extract	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	粗纤维 CF	总能/(MJ·kg^－1) Gross energy
玉米 Corn	13.45	8.71	1.34	3.68	3.19	8.86	2.24	18.59
高粱 Sorghum	12.63	10.55	1.33	3.59	4.63	8.51	2.07	18.80
小麦 Wheat	11.49	15.41	1.82	1.82	3.06	11.96	2.92	18.54
大麦 Barley	11.07	11.22	2.63	1.95	7.78	20.65	5.52	18.39
木薯 Cassava	12.23	3.54	2.11	0.39	4.02	6.87	3.75	17.20
面粉 Wheat flour	12.74	17.30	1.51	2.49	1.33	5.24	1.06	18.71
次粉 Wheat middling	12.30	19.81	3.33	4.57	4.93	19.87	4.16	19.07
碎米 Broken rice	12.44	7.82	0.47	0.51	1.35	0.84	0.64	17.93
大米抛光粉 Rice polishing meal	13.31	13.32	8.77	11.23	4.18	4.71	3.13	19.52
米糠 Rice bran	14.54	12.65	9.92	13.09	16.40	25.53	11.75	20.18
小麦麸 Wheat bran	13.15	17.28	5.52	4.02	14.15	47.67	11.35	19.23
饼干渣 Biscuit meal	11.41	10.87	3.70	7.13	2.36	4.72	2.24	19.30
豆粕 Soybean meal	12.15	52.98	6.97	1.34	5.15	8.40	5.07	19.59
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	11.04	51.27	7.08	1.04	15.54	26.17	14.36	19.35
花生饼 Peanut cake	7.04	49.84	6.50	7.97	15.90	17.83	12.70	20.78
柠檬酸糟 Citric acid meal	8.50	28.31	2.96	9.42	21.45	53.37	18.02	21.85
玉米DDGS¹⁾(高脂) Corn DDGS(high oil)	14.91	31.45	4.97	10.16	10.45	26.61	6.78	21.65
玉米DDGS(低脂) Corn DDGS(low oil)	14.45	30.20	4.90	3.97	6.73	26.11	6.67	20.27
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	12.81	35.20	11.05	1.58	7.10	24.46	6.11	18.02
米糠粕 Rice bran meal	10.87	18.81	12.71	1.32	14.80	29.72	11.49	17.55
小麦胚 Wheat germ	13.48	31.74	5.07	9.01	5.00	17.91	6.08	20.33

饲料原料 Feed ingredient	待测饲粮 Test diets
饲料原料 Feed ingredient	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10	D11	D12	D13	D14	D15	D16	D17
玉米 Corn	49.34		9.83			19.86		9.88		4.89	4.93	4.91		4.88
高粱 Sorghum		49.93			9.98				5.03			14.95	4.95		19.97	4.99
小麦 Wheat					50.06			10.05	5.04				4.96		20.03		9.99
大麦 Barley	5.02		49.92				9.93					4.99		14.85			4.99
木薯 Cassava				49.12		4.98			4.97		19.77	9.84	4.89			4.93
面粉 Wheat flour		4.94		9.84		49.86				19.61						4.93	14.77
次粉 Wheat middling	10.01						49.54		15.06			4.99					4.98
碎米 Broken rice			9.92		14.89			49.82					19.67			4.95	4.95
大米抛光粉 Rice polishing meal		14.86					9.84		49.83					19.62	4.95
米糠 Rice bran	5.08			10.09						30.17	5.08					15.15
小麦麸 Wheat bran			5.02				4.98	10.07				30.04		14.91			5.00
饼干渣 Biscuit meal						4.98						4.92		9.75	14.77	19.65	4.90
豆粕 Soybean meal	10.06	5.02	15.02		5.01			5.04		19.91	30.15			4.97	5.02
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal		10.09			5.04	15.28			5.07			20.15				5.03	5.03
花生饼 Peanut cake	5.33		5.31	10.58			15.81						21.04		5.31	5.30	5.29
柠檬酸糟 Citric acid meal		5.22		10.40						15.55		5.21		31.02
玉米DDGS(高脂) Corn DDGS (high oil)			4.98			5.04	9.90						14.83		29.95		4.98
玉米DDGS(低脂) Corn DDGS (low oil)	5.05				10.05			15.14					4.99			30.11
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal		4.97		4.95					5.01	9.87	19.93						4.96
米糠粕 Rice bran meal	10.11			5.02							15.16		5.00				30.16
小麦胚 Wheat germ		4.97			4.97				9.99		4.98		19.67			4.96
合计 Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

饲粮中饲料原料的比例 Percentage of feed ingredients in diets	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
饲粮中饲料原料的比例 Percentage of feed ingredients in diets	dEHGE	dDE	dME	dNE
玉米 Corn	0.00	-0.23	-0.14	0.00
高粱 Sorghum	0.49	0.20	0.24	0.49
小麦 Wheat	0.00	0.22	0.29	0.00
大麦 Barley	0.64	0.38	0.48	0.64
木薯 Cassava	0.21	-0.19	-0.17	0.19
面粉 Wheat flour	-0.21	0.07	0.09	-0.23
次粉 Wheat middling	-0.27	-0.10	-0.48	-0.30
碎米 Broken rice	-0.09	-0.43	-0.06	-0.10
大米抛光粉 Rice polishing meal	0.40	0.25	0.47	0.41
米糠 Rice bran	0.09	-0.09	-0.24	0.12
小麦麸 Wheat bran	0.18	0.19	0.22	0.18
饼干渣 Biscuit meal	-0.62	-0.70	-0.74	-0.61
豆粕 Soybean meal	0.54	0.87^*	0.74^*	0.52
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	0.29	0.47	0.40	0.27
花生饼 Peanut cake	0.01	0.17	-0.08	0.01
柠檬酸糟 Citric acid meal	-0.44	-0.39	-0.56	-0.42
玉米DDGS高脂 Corn DDGS (high oil)	-0.67	-0.80	-0.86^*	-0.67
玉米DDGS低脂 Corn DDGS (low oil)	-0.81	-0.78	-0.64	-0.80
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	0.46	0.90^*	0.87^*	0.43
米糠粕 Rice bran meal	-0.29	0.23	0.26	-0.27
小麦胚 Wheat germ	-0.25	-0.23	-0.42	-0.26

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