饲粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.021

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 3024-3031.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.021

饲粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响

张莉蕊¹(), 张北育¹(), 李玉娟¹, 刘永需², 赵红², 李福昌¹^,*(), 刘磊¹^,*()

1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院山东省动物生物工程与疾病防治重点实验室非粮饲料资源高效利用重点实验室 (省部共建)，泰安 271018
2. 青岛康大佳惠饲料有限公司，青岛 266499

收稿日期:2023-10-17 出版日期:2024-07-23 发布日期:2024-07-24
通讯作者: 李福昌,刘磊 E-mail:3376701237@qq.com;2957302245@qq.com;chlf@sdau.edu.cn;leiliu@sdau.edu.cn
作者简介:张莉蕊(1998-)，女，山东德州人，硕士，主要从事家兔营养与代谢研究，E-mail: 3376701237@qq.com
张北育(1997-)，女，甘肃定西人，硕士，主要从事家兔营养与代谢研究，E-mail: 2957302245@qq.com
第一联系人：
张莉蕊和张北育为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MC043);山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)(2021LZGC002);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-43-B-1);山东省特种经济动物产业技术体系(SDAIT-21-16)

Effects of Dietary Methionine Level on Wool Production Performance and Hair Follicle Development of Angora Rabbits

Lirui ZHANG¹(), Beiyu ZHANG¹(), Yujuan LI¹, Yongxu LIU², Hong ZHAO², Fuchang LI¹^,*(), Lei LIU¹^,*()

1. Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-built by Province and Ministry), Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Control of Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai 'an 271018, China
2. Qingdao Kangda Jiahui Feed Co., LTD, Qingdao 266499, China

Received:2023-10-17 Online:2024-07-23 Published:2024-07-24
Contact: Fuchang LI, Lei LIU E-mail:3376701237@qq.com;2957302245@qq.com;chlf@sdau.edu.cn;leiliu@sdau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究饲粮中蛋氨酸添加水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响。选取9月龄体重相近、生长状况良好的安哥拉兔200只，公母各半，随机分为5个处理，每个处理40个重复，每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(蛋氨酸含量为0.26%)，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.15%、0.30%、0.45%和0.60%的蛋氨酸(试验组饲粮中蛋氨酸的总体水平分别为0.41%、0.56%、0.71%和0.86%)，试验期70 d。试验结束后计算生长性能相关指标并采集毛发和皮肤样品，检测兔毛品质、皮肤毛囊密度以及毛囊发育相关基因的表达量。结果表明：与对照组相比，饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的平均日采食量(P < 0.05)；与对照组相比，饲粮中添加0.15%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔毛的伸长度和伸长率(P < 0.05)，显著降低了安哥拉兔初级毛囊密度(P < 0.05)；饲粮中添加0.30%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的产毛率和次级毛囊密度/初级毛囊密度(S/P)(P < 0.05)，显著降低了安哥拉兔毛25 μm以上纤维含量、粗毛率和初级毛囊密度(P < 0.05)；饲粮中添加0.45%蛋氨酸显著提高了安哥拉兔的料毛比、伸长度、伸长率和S/P(P < 0.05)，显著降低了安哥拉兔毛25 μm以上纤维含量、粗毛率和初级毛囊密度(P < 0.05)。此外，与对照组相比，饲粮中添加0.30%蛋氨酸显著上调了安哥拉兔皮肤中表皮生长因子(EGF)mRNA表达水平(P < 0.05)。综上所述，饲粮中适宜的蛋氨酸添加水平能够提高安哥拉兔的产毛性能，改善毛品质；促进家兔毛囊发育，EGF信号可能参与此过程。基于本研究，建议蛋氨酸在安哥拉兔饲粮中适宜的添加量为0.30%(饲粮中蛋氨酸的总体水平为0.56%)。

关键词: 安哥拉兔, 蛋氨酸, 产毛性能, 毛囊发育

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of methionine supplementation on wool production performance and hair follicle development of Angora rabbits. A total of 200 9-month-old Angora rabbits, half male and half female, with similar body weight and good growth condition, were randomly divided into five groups with 40 replicates per group and one rabbit per replicate. Rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60% methionine, respectively (the overall dietary methionine levels were 0.41%, 0.56%, 0.71% and 0.86%, respectively). This trial lasted for 70 days. After the experiment, indexes related to the production performance were calculated, hair and fur samples were collected to detect the hair quality, hair follicle density and the expression of genes related to hair follicle development. The results showed that, compared with the control group, 0.30% and 0.45% methionine supplementation significantly improved the average daily feed intake (P < 0.05). Dietary supplemented with 0.15% methionine significantly increased elongation length and elongation rate of hair (P < 0.05) of rabbits and significantly reduced primary hair follicle density (P < 0.05) of rabbits. Moreover, supplementation of 0.30% methionine significantly increased the hair production rate and secondary primary ratio (P < 0.05) of rabbits and significantly reduced the more than 25 μm fiber content, coarse hair rate and primary hair follicle density (P < 0.05) of rabbits. Meanwhile, dietary supplemented with 0.45% methionine significantly increased (P < 0.05) the ratio of feed to hair, elongation length, elongation and secondary primary ratio and significantly decreased the fiber content above 25 μm, coarse hair percentage and primary hair follicle density (P < 0.05) of rabbits. In addition, dietary supplemented with 0.30% methionine significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (P < 0.05) in the skin of rabbits. In conclusion, the appropriate dietary methionine supplemental level can improve the hair production performance and hair quality of Angora rabbits. EGF signal may be involved in promoting rabbit hair follicle development. Under the condition of the current experiment, it is suggested that the optimal supplemental level of methionine is 0.30% in dietary of Angora rabbits (the overall dietary methionine level is 0.56%).

Key words: Angora rabbit, methionine, wool production performance, hair follicle development

中图分类号:

S813.1

张莉蕊, 张北育, 李玉娟, 刘永需, 赵红, 李福昌, 刘磊. 饲粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 3024-3031.

Lirui ZHANG, Beiyu ZHANG, Yujuan LI, Yongxu LIU, Hong ZHAO, Fuchang LI, Lei LIU. Effects of Dietary Methionine Level on Wool Production Performance and Hair Follicle Development of Angora Rabbits[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 3024-3031.

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原料Ingredient	含量Content	营养水平Nutrient level	含量Content
玉米Corn	10	消化能²⁾/(MJ·kg^－1) DE	8.92
次粉Wheat middling	5	粗蛋白质CP	18.43
大豆粕Soybean meal	9	粗脂肪EE	1.23
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal	18	粗纤维CF	19.82
小麦麸Wheat bran	13	蛋氨酸Met	0.26
葵花籽粕Sunflower seed meal	12	赖氨酸Lys	0.83
菜籽油Rapeseed oil	0.5	中性洗涤纤维NDF	35.97
苜蓿草粉Alfalfa meal	10	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	20.61
花生壳Peanut shell	14.5	粗灰分Ash	8.27
稻壳Rice husk	4	木质素ADL	3.14
预混料Premix¹⁾	4	钙Ca	0.86
合计Total	100	磷P	0.34

项目 Item	蛋氨酸添加水平/(%) Methionine supplementation level					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	0.15	0.30	0.45	0.60	P值 P-value
平均日采食量/(g·d^－1) ADFI	179.38±4.04^b	182.75±3.41^b	194.50±3.02^a	193.88±2.26^a	188.38±4.05^ab	0.011 3
产毛量/g Wool yield	330.37±10.99^abc	364.07±18.31^ab	377.69±24.96^a	319.20±19.11^bc	307.24±11.25^bc	0.021 4
产毛率/% Wool yield ratio	9.79±0.33^b	10.73±0.57^ab	11.39±0.77^a	9.62±0.65^ab	9.11±0.35^b	0.028 3
料毛比 Feed/wool	39.42±1.51^b	38.03±2.27^b	40.30±2.89^ab	46.57±3.10^a	44.79±1.93^ab	0.029 3

项目 Item	蛋氨酸添加水平/% Methionine supplementation levels					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	0.15	0.30	0.45	0.60	P值 P-value
毛丛长度/cm Tuft length	8.6±0.16	8.7±0.15	8.8±0.13	8.6±0.22	8.4±0.16	0.552 1
断裂强力/cN Breaking force	3.36±0.17	3.14±0.12	3.00±0.13	3.07±0.12	3.43±0.17	0.172 7
伸长度/mm Extension length	4.08±0.05^b	4.59±0.06^a	4.17±0.04^b	4.50±0.05^a	4.05±0.08^b	< 0.000 1
伸长率/% Extension rate	40.84±0.53^b	45.90±0.59^a	41.74±0.38^b	45.08±0.45^a	40.55±0.75^b	< 0.000 1
断裂功/μJ Work of fracture	102.79±6.07	104.18±3.84	92.08±3.67	101.27±3.79	98.94±5.94	0.468 9
纤维细度/μm Wool fineness	14.21±0.14^ab	14.11±0.22^ab	14.05±0.23^ab	13.77±0.30^b	14.70±0.31^a	0.042 7
25 μm以上纤维含量/% More than 25 μm fiber content	3.37±0.21^a	2.57±0.31^ab	2.37±0.35^b	2.67±0.18^b	3.27±0.46^ab	0.020 6
粗毛率 Coarse wool rate/%	6.43±1.12^a	4.96±1.11^ac	3.06±0.49^bc	3.08±0.23^bc	5.45±1.26^ac	0.013 1

项目 Item	蛋氨酸添加水平Methionine levels (%)					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	0.15	0.30	0.45	0.60	P值 P-value
总毛囊密度/(个·mm^-2) Total follicle density	150.10±6.64	146.53±7.21	161.16±8.68	159.62±9.28	155.54±10.33	0.788 4
初级毛囊密度/(个·mm^-2) Primary hair follicle density	2.29±0.22^a	1.69±0.13^b	1.60±0.14^b	1.63±0.21^b	2.22±0.29^ab	0.048 1
次级毛囊密度/(个·mm^-2) Secondary hair follicle density	148.01±7.36	144.92±7.24	159.56±8.72	158.39±9.23	153.33±10.15	0.784 9
次初比/% S/P	65.09±5.36^c	83.45±7.43^abc	93.60±7.19^a	88.72±10.11^ab	69.19±5.96^bc	0.023 5

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饲粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔产毛性能和毛囊发育的影响

Effects of Dietary Methionine Level on Wool Production Performance and Hair Follicle Development of Angora Rabbits

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