三株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒优势流行毒株全基因组分析及其致病性

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.05.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为调查研究禽传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的流行及优势毒株致病特性，本研究对实验室分离的IBV毒株进行了遗传演化研究和致病性研究，旨在了解我国当下IBV流行毒株基因型、生物学特性以及为新疫苗的研制提供借鉴参考。首先对56株IBV分离毒株S1全长核苷酸序列进行遗传演化分析，从中挑选了MH20、KC和JS96 3株优势基因型毒株进行全基因组测序分析，然后选取毒力较强的JS96毒株进行了SPF鸡致病性试验。结果表明：遗传演化分析结果显示GI-19是我国主要流行毒株，占比约53.57％，同时变异毒不断涌现，GVI(新基因型)明显的流行增多。3株优势基因型分离毒株的全长基因组与QX-like毒株相似性最高，达到97%以上，但与国内外疫苗株、经典毒株的相似性低，仅为77%左右。抗原表位分析同样表明了分离株与疫苗毒株、经典毒株的B细胞抗原表位数量和序列都存在差异。3株分离毒株均可导致SPF鸡胚矮化和致死，其中JS96对1日龄SPF鸡的致病率高于15日龄SPF鸡，1日龄SPF鸡100%死亡率，15日龄SPF鸡出现生长显著迟缓和个别鸡症状明显，发病鸡剖检均可见“花斑肾”。本研究表明，QX-like基因型IBV毒株是现下IBV的主要流行毒株，对低日龄鸡致病性强，易发生基因重组，与疫苗毒株、经典毒株S蛋白相似性低，适配性较差，急需选择合适疫苗及研发新型疫苗，才能控制当下IBV疫病流行，减少养禽业的损失。

关键词: 禽传染性支气管炎病毒, 基因测序, 演化与相似性分析, 致病性

Abstract: The genetic evolution and pathogenicity of isolated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains in the laboratory were studied to investigate the prevalence of IBV and the pathogenic characteristics of dominant strains, and to provide reference for the development of new vaccines. In this study, the complete S1 nucleotide sequences of 60 strains IBV were analyzed, and three dominant genotypes were selected for whole genome sequencing analysis, named MH20, KC and JS96 strains. JS96 strain with higher virulence was selected for SPF chicken pathogenicity experiment. The results of genetic evolution analysis show that GI-19 is the main epidemic strain in China, accounting for about 53.57% of cases. At the same time, variants were emerging, and GVI (new genotype) was obviously prevalent. The whole genome sequencing showed that the complete genome of the three isolated strains had the highest similarity with QX-like strains (more than 97%), but the sequence homology with vaccine strains and classical strains was low, only about 77%. Epitope analysis also showed that there were differences in the number and sequence of B cell epitopes among the isolates, vaccine strains and classical strains. The pathogenicity of JS96 in 1-day-old SPF chickens was higher than that in 15-day-old SPF chickens, and the mortality rate of 1-day-old SPF chickens was 100%. Significant growth retardation and obvious symptoms were observed in some 15-day-old SPF chickens. This study shows that QX-like IBV strain is the main epidemic strain of IBV at present, which has strong pathogenicity to young chickens, is prone to I gene recombination, has low similarity with S protein of vaccine strain and classical strain, and has poor adaptability, so it is urgent to select appropriate vaccines and develop new vaccines in order to control the current epidemic of IBV and reduce losses in the poultry industry.

Key words: avian infectious bronchitis virus, sequencing, evolution and homology analysis, pathogenicity

中图分类号:

S852.659.6

熊挺, 何献铭, 赵希雅, 庄婷婷, 黄美珍, 梁世金, 余传照, 梁雪静, 陈瑞爱. 三株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒优势流行毒株全基因组分析及其致病性[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(5): 2109-2122.

XIONG Ting, HE Xianming, ZHAO Xiya, ZHUANG Tingting, HUANG Meizhen, LIANG Shijin, YU Chuanzhao, LIANG Xuejing, CHEN Ruiai. Whole Genome Analysis of Three Predominant Epidemic Strains of Chicken Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Their Pathogenicity[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(5): 2109-2122.

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