一月龄吮乳羔羊肠道菌群组成及其预测物质代谢功能的动态变化研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.03.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 羔羊出生至断奶时期消化系统形态结构和功能变化剧烈，但其肠道菌群组成的发育规律尚不清晰。本试验旨在研究一月龄湖羊羔羊肠道菌群的组成变化规律。随机选择出生后新生期(3日龄，d03)、哺乳期(10日龄，d10)、补饲期(15日龄，d15)和断奶前期(30日龄，d30)的无抗生素用药史的健康吮乳羔羊各10只，另选择在第43～45日龄之间一次性断奶的断奶后期(60日龄，d60)健康羔羊10只作为对照，采集直肠粪便样品进行16S rRNA扩增子测序，对一月龄肠道菌群组成结构与潜在功能的变化特点进行研究。结果发现，羔羊肠道菌群各分类水平OTU数量在一月龄内呈上升趋势，但极显著低于断奶后(P<0.01)。一月龄内羔羊肠道菌群α多样性呈先降后升特点，也显著低于断奶后(P<0.05)。3日龄和10日龄羔羊肠道菌群β多样性分别极显著独立分布，15日龄和30日龄极显著聚为一类(P<0.01)，60日龄羔羊极显著独立分布(P<0.01)。一月龄内羔羊肠道菌群中拟杆菌门、螺旋体门、黏胶球形菌门、迷踪菌门、5-7N15属、CF231属、瘤胃球菌属、密螺旋体属和丁酸弧菌属丰度随日龄呈上升趋势，而厚壁菌门、拟杆菌属、乳酸菌属和韦荣球菌属随日龄呈下降趋势。3～15日龄羔羊肠道菌群的碳水化合物代谢显著高于断奶后(P<0.05)，而氨基酸代谢、能量代谢显著低于断奶后(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明，一月龄羔羊肠道菌群组成结构和物质代谢功能呈显著动态变化，断奶后羔羊肠道菌群丰富度和多样性显著升高。15～30日龄左右羔羊肠道菌群组成结构及其预测的功能呈现“分水岭”样变化，该变化与引入补饲固体饲料的关系值得进一步研究。

关键词: 湖羊, 一月龄吮乳羔羊, 肠道菌群, 组成结构, 功能预测

Abstract: The gut morphology and function in newborn lambs changed dramatically during suckling period. However, the growth and development of the composition and structure of gut microbiota (GM) were less clear. This experiment was conducted to study the changes and characteristics of the composition of GM in one-month-old Hu lambs. Healthy sucking lambs without antibiotic therapy history were randomly selected in neonatal period (3 days old, d03), suckling period (10 days old, d10), creep feeding period (15 days old, d15) and pre-weaning period (30 days old, d30), in addition, another 10 healthy weaned lambs at age of 60-day old (60 days old, d60) which was weaned between 43～45 days old were selected as controls, 10 lambs in each group. Rectal feces samples were collected to study the changes of the composition, structure and predicted potential function of GM by 16S rRNA. The results showed that, the number of OTU of lamb GM showed an increasing trend within one month age, but it was still extremely significantly lower than that in weaned lambs (P<0.01). The α-diversity of GM within one month age was first decreased and then increased, but it was still significantly lower than that in weaned lambs (P<0.05). The β-diversity of GM in d03 and d10 groups respectively showed an extremely significant independent distribution, but it was extremely grouped together with d15 and d30 lambs (P<0.01), and extremely independent distribution in d60 lambs (P<0.01). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Lentisphaerae, Elusimicrobia, 5-7N15, CF231, Ruminococcus, Treponema and Butyricimonas in GM of one month old lambs showed an increasing trend, whereas Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Veillonella showed a decreasing trend with age growth. The carbohydrate metabolism of GM was significantly higher, while the amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism were significantly lower of lambs aged 3~15 days than that in weaned lambs (P<0.05). It is concluded that the composition, structure and predicted material metabolism function of GM in one month old lambs showed significantly dynamic changes, the richness and diversity of GM in weaned lambs are significantly increased. The changes of GM and their potential functions present a “watershed-like” characteristics of lambs aged 15~30 days, the association of this characteristic with the introduction of solid feed is worth further studying.

Key words: Hu sheep, one month-old sucking lamb, gut microbiota, composition and structure, function prediction

中图分类号:

S852.21

叶倩文, 陈卓, 李鑫, 孙亚伟, 金肖叶, 李紫仟, 吾买尔江·牙合甫, 钟旗, 马雪连, 姚刚. 一月龄吮乳羔羊肠道菌群组成及其预测物质代谢功能的动态变化研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(3): 1095-1108.

YE Qianwen, CHEN Zhuo, LI Xin, SUN Yawei, JIN Xiaoye, LI Ziqian, WUMAIERJIANG·Yahefu, ZHONG Qi, MA Xuelian, YAO Gang. Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota Composition and Its Predicted Metabolism Function in One-month-old Sucking Lambs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1095-1108.

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