大熊猫肠道菌群年龄演替规律分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.06.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探究不同年龄段大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)肠道菌群多样性、结构及功能的演替规律。于秦岭大熊猫研究中心采集16只不同年龄段大熊猫的新鲜粪便,基于16S rDNA高通量测序技术及层次聚类方法分为5个年龄组进行分析。结果表明,不同年龄段大熊猫共有优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,60.44%)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria,38.69%),且随年龄增长,厚壁菌门的相对丰度逐渐增加,变形菌门的相对丰度逐渐降低;共有优势菌属为埃希菌属-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella,57.35%)和狭义梭菌属1(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,15.17%),且性别差异对大熊猫肠道菌群结构影响不大。不同年龄段大熊猫的肠道菌群Alpha多样性存在显著差异(P<0.05),呈现随年龄增长先增加后降低的趋势,在18~22岁达最高;Beta多样性结果表明,组间差异大于组内差异,不同分组对样品差异的解释具有可信度。13~14岁成年大熊猫特有的优势菌属——魏斯菌属(Weissella,9.975%)为肠道益生菌,34岁老年大熊猫在氨基酸转运和代谢、信号转导、防御机制等通路的相对丰度不同于其他年龄段,其特有的优势菌属——八叠球菌属(Sarcina,53.29%)为条件致病菌。综上,该研究认为大熊猫肠道菌群多样性随年龄增大先增加后降低,不同年龄段共有和特有优势菌丰度及菌群功能存在差异,随年龄变化呈现一定演替规律,提示在大熊猫不同年龄阶段(尤其是老年阶段)的饲养过程中可补充相应缺乏的营养物质,以维持肠道内微生态平衡。

关键词: 高通量测序, 大熊猫, 肠道菌群, 年龄

Abstract: The study aimed to explore the succession of intestinal flora diversity, structure and function of giant pandas at different ages. Fresh feces of 16 giant pandas of different ages were collected in Research Center for Qinling Giant Panda, divided into 5 groups and analyze based on 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and hierarchical clustering method. The results showed that the main bacterial phyla in giant pandas at different ages consisted of Firmicutes (60.44%) and Proteobactera (38.69%), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased while Proteobacteria decreased with age; at the genus level, the bacteria consisted mainly of Escherichia Shigella (57.35%) and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (15.17%), while the gender difference has little effect on the intestinal flora structure of giant pandas. There was a significant difference in the Alpha diversity of intestinal flora (P<0.05), showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with age, reaching the highest in 18-22 years old. Beta diversity results show that the difference between groups is greater than the difference within groups, and the interpretation of sample differences by different groups has credibility. The dominant bacteria unique to adult giant pandas aged 13-14 years-Weissella (9.975%) is intestinal probiotics. The relative abundance in amino acid transport and metabolism, signal transduction, defense mechanisms and other pathways of 34 year old giant pandas is different from other age groups. Its unique dominant bacteria-Sarcina (53.29%) is conditioned pathogen. To sum up, this study believes that the intestinal flora diversity of giant pandas first increases and then decreases with age, and the abundance and function of common and unique dominant bacteria in different age groups are different, showing a certain succession law with age, suggesting that the corresponding lack of nutrients can be supplemented in the feeding process of giant pandas at different ages to maintain the intestinal microecology balance.

Key words: high throughput sequencing, panda, intestinal flora, age

中图分类号:

S852.61

李蔚, 张强, 瞿嘉豪, 吴亚平, 胡若辰, 贾若艺, 郭如海, 马清义, 潘广林, 王兴龙. 大熊猫肠道菌群年龄演替规律分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(6): 2619-2630.

LI Wei, ZHANG Qiang, QU Jiahao, WU Yaping, HU Ruochen, JIA Ruoyi, GUO Ruhai, MA Qingyi, PAN Guanglin, WANG Xinglong. Analysis on the Age Succession of Intestinal Flora of Giant Panda[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(6): 2619-2630.

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