玉米赤霉烯酮对山羊生长性能、胃肠道发酵模式和菌群结构的影响研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.03.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究添加不同剂量玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对湘东黑山羊生长性能、胃肠道发酵模式及菌群结构的影响。试验选取24头体重相近((12.82±2.03)kg)的雌性湘东黑山羊，随机分为3组，分别饲喂含0、100和500 μg·kg^-1DM的ZEA的日粮。试验预饲期1周，正式期4周，试验期结束时所有试验动物进行屠宰，采集瘤胃和结肠内容物，应用气相色谱仪进行微生物发酵产物检测。同时提取微生物基因组DNA，利用Illumina-NovaSeq测序技术分析瘤胃和结肠微生物菌群结构。结果表明，与对照组相比，ZEA添加量为100和500 μg·kg^-1DM时,对山羊的终体重、总增重、日增重以及干物质采食量影响不显著(P>0.05)。500 μg·kg^-1DM ZEA的添加显著降低结肠食糜中戊酸的摩尔百分比(P<0.05)。与对照组相比，低剂量ZEA的添加显著降低瘤胃细菌的Shannon指数和Simpson指数(P<0.05)，高剂量ZEA的添加则显著降低瘤胃细菌的Simpson指数和Shannon均匀度(P<0.05)。在瘤胃，高剂量ZEA的添加使厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度显著下降(P=0.04)。在结肠，低剂量ZEA添加显著降低放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)的丰度(P=0.04)，高剂量ZEA处理则显著降低螺旋菌门(Spirochaetota)的丰度(P=0.04)。综上，日粮中添加100和500 μg·kg^-1DM ZEA对山羊的生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数影响不显著，但能显著降低瘤胃细菌的α多样性和均匀度；低剂量ZEA添加显著影响结肠优势菌门放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)细菌的丰度，高剂量ZEA添加显著影响瘤胃优势菌门厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和结肠螺旋菌门(Spirochaetota)细菌的丰度。

关键词: 玉米赤霉烯酮, 山羊, 生长性能, 挥发性脂肪酸, 16S扩增子测序, 微生物多样性

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zearalenone (ZEA) addition with different dosages on growth performance, gastrointestinal fermentation pattern and bacterial community structure of Xiangdong black goats. Twenty-four female Xiangdong black goats with similar body weight ((12.82±2.03) kg) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with 0, 100 and 500 μg·kg^-1DM ZEA diet, respectively. The pre-feeding period lasted for one week, and the formal period was kept for four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all the experimental animals were slaughtered, rumen and colon digesta were collected, and microbial fermentation products were detected by liquid chromatography. DNA of the rumen and colon digesta was extracted and Illumina-Nova sequencing technology was used to analyze the structure of rumen and colon microflora. Compared with the control group, the final body weight, total gain, average daily gain, and dry matter intake of goats were not affected by 100 or 500 μg·kg^-1DM ZEA addition (P>0.05). 500 μg·kg^-1DM ZEA addition decreased the molar percentage of valerate in colon digesta (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, addition of low dosage of ZEA significantly decreased the Shannon index and Simpson index (P<0.05), and addition of high dosage of ZEA significantly decreased the Simpson index and Shannon’s evenness of rumen bacteria (P<0.05). High dosage of ZEA significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the rumen bacteria (P=0.04). The addition of low dosage of ZEA significantly decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (P=0.04), and the addition of high dosage of ZEA significantly decreased the relative abundance of Spirochaetota in the colon bacteria(P=0.04).In conclusion, dietary 100 or 500 μg·kg^-1DM ZEA did not affect the growth performance and rumen fermentation parameters, but decreased the α diversity and evenness of rumen bacteria. The low-dose ZEA addition affected the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota which was the dominant bacteria in the colon, and the high-dose ZEA addition affected the relative abundance of Firmicutes which was the dominant bacteria in the rumen and Spirochaetota which was the dominant bacteria in the colon of goats.

Key words: zearalenone, goat, growth performance, volatile fatty acid, 16S rRNA sequencing, microbiota diversity

中图分类号:

颜琼娴, 陈文勋, 惠浩阳, 彭灿, 汤少勋, 周小玲, 谭支良. 玉米赤霉烯酮对山羊生长性能、胃肠道发酵模式和菌群结构的影响研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(3): 1109-1123.

YAN Qiongxian, CHEN Wenxun, HUI Haoyang, PENG Can, TANG Shaoxun, ZHOU Xiaoling, TAN Zhiliang. Effects of Zearalenone on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Fermentation and Microbiota Community Structure of Goats[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1109-1123.

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