断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、脂肪沉积分布和屠宰性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在观察断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、屠宰性能、脂肪沉积分布以及血清脂肪因子的影响，为通过脂肪沉积部位干预提高脂尾型绵羊生产效益提供参考。选择血缘清楚、体重接近的5日龄健康兰州大尾羊羔羊18只，随机分为对照组（C组）和试验组（T组），每组9只羔羊，试验组羔羊采用橡皮圈结扎法断尾。试验期间两组羊日粮相同，均饲喂全价配合饲料（精粗比为70∶30），自由饮水。试验期240 d。结果表明：1）兰州大尾羊羔羊断尾后的30 d内，断尾组羔羊日增重显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；31～240 d各阶段两组试验羊日增重无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）断尾组羊的体重在断尾后的前3个阶段（断尾90 d内）显著低于对照组（P<0.05），随后各阶段两组试验羊的体重无显著差异（P>0.05）；料重比在断尾后的61～90 d内，显著小于对照组（P<0.05），其余阶段和整个试验期差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）断尾后0～60 d内兰州大尾羊血清TNF-α较对照组显著升高（P<0.05），61～240 d断尾组羊血清中TNF-α浓度数值上一直高于对照组，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；断尾组羊血清GLU、LEP、RETN、ADPN在数值上大于对照组羊，并且随着试验期的增加，两组之间的差异增大，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；两组血清TG、IL-6和NEFA在整个试验期差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）断尾组尾部脂肪指数、总脂肪指数与对照组相比，显著降低（P<0.05），皮下脂肪指数、肾周脂肪指数、腹部脂肪指数和内脏脂肪指数显著升高（P<0.05），心脏脂肪指数、大网膜脂肪指数和肠系膜脂肪指数两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；与对照组相比，断尾组羊的尾长指数、尾中宽指数、尾周长指数和尾重指数显著降低（P<0.05）。5）断尾组羊屠宰率显著大于对照组（P<0.05），背膘厚、GR值和眼肌面积在数值上增大，但组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；断尾组羊背最长肌肉色（亮度、红度、黄度）和pH与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05），剪切力显著小于对照组（P<0.05），失水率和蒸煮损失两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示，长脂尾型绵羊兰州大尾羊早期断尾可以降低尾巴大小、重量和尾部脂肪比例，改变脂肪沉积分布，使更多的脂肪沉积到肌内和机体其他部位，提高屠宰率并改善肉品质。

关键词: 断尾, 血清脂肪因子, 脂肪沉积, 屠宰性能, 肉品质

Abstract: The objective of this study was to observe the effects of tail docking on the growth performance, slaughter performance, fat deposition distribution and serum adipokines in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep. The results were expected to provide reference for improving the production of fat-tailed sheep by fat deposition intervention. Eighteen 5 days old healthy Lanzhou fat-tailed lambs with clear genealogy and uniform weight were randomly divided into control group(C group) and test group(T group), 9 lambs each group,the tail from T group lambs were ligated with rubber band. The two groups were fed with the same diet in the trial period, with the feed concentrate-roughage ratio of 70:30, and the animals had free access to the water. The trial lasted for 240 days. The results were showed as follows:1) Average daily gain of tail docking sheep was significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05) in the first 30 days. There was no significant difference in average daily gain between the two groups during 31~240 d (P>0.05). 2) The body weight of tail docking sheep was significantly lower than that in C group in the first three stages (0~90 d)(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in other stages (P>0.05). The feed to gain ratio in tail docking group was significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05) during 61~90 d, and there was no significant difference between the other stages (P>0.05). 3) Serum TNF-α in the tail docking group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) during 0~60 d, and was numerically higher during 61~240 d (P>0.05). Serum GLU, LEP, RETN and ADPN in the tail-docking group were higher, and the difference between two group increased with the extension of test period, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Serum TG, IL-6 and NEFA were not significantly different in the trial period (P>0.05). 4) The tail fat and total fat index in tail docking group were significantly lower (P<0.05). The subcutaneous fat, kidney fat, abdominal fat and visceral fat index in tail docking group were significantly higher (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in heart fat, omentum fat and mesenteric fat index (P>0.05), but tail length, tail middle width, tail circumference and tail weight index decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in tail docking group compared with the control growp. 5) The slaughter rate of sheep in the tail docking group significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05), while backfat thickness, GR value and eye muscle area were numerically higher compared to the control group with no significant difference (P>0.05). The meat color (brightness, redness, yellowness) and pH of the Longissimus dorsi muscle had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The shear force was significantly lower in tail-docking group (P<0.05). Water loss and cooking loss had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The results showed that tail docking at the early age of Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep could decrease the tail size, weight and fat weight proportion, change the distribution of fat deposition, and make more fat deposits in muscle and other parts of the body, thus improve the slaughter rate and improve the quality of meat.

Key words: tail docking, serum adipokines, fat deposition, slaughter performance, meat quality

中图分类号:

S826.622

宋淑珍, 刘俊斌, 朱才业, 徐红伟, 刘立山, 孔艳龙. 断尾对兰州大尾羊生长性能、脂肪沉积分布和屠宰性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(2): 642-655.

SONG Shuzhen, LIU Junbin, ZHU Caiye, XU Hongwei, LIU Lishan, KONG Yanlong. The Effect of Tail Docking on Growth Performance, Fat Deposition Distribution and Slaughter Performance in Lanzhou Fat-tailed Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(2): 642-655.

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