高脂高糖饮食对小型猪肠道微生物的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高能饮食是肥胖发生的重要诱因之一，肠道微生物在其中发挥重要作用。为探究高脂高糖饮食过程中肠道微生物组成的动态变化并筛选与肥胖发展密切相关的肠道微生物，本研究以广西巴马小型猪为动物模型，随机分为普通饮食组(CN组)和高脂高糖饮食组(HFD组)，进行为期30 d的饮食干预，分别在干预0、7、15和30 d时收集粪便样品，利用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析高脂高糖饮食对广西巴马小型猪肠道微生物组成、结构和功能的影响。结果显示：HFD组个体肠道微生物的多样性普遍低于CN组，高脂高糖饮食改变了小型猪肠道微生物的结构；随着高脂高糖饮食干预时间的增加，观察到了肠道微生物组的总体变化趋势：在门水平，HFD组个体肠道微生物中Firmicutes丰度增加而Bacteroidetes丰度逐渐下降；在属水平，HFD组中Lactobacillus丰度逐渐减少而Ruminococcus丰度则不断升高；CN组和HFD组之间存在一些显著差异的肠道微生物，其中g__Lactobacillus、g__norank_f__p_251_o5和g__unclassified_c__Bacilli等12个菌群在CN组显著富集，g__Peptococcus、g__Collinsella和g__Senegalimassilia等8个菌群在HFD组显著富集，可能是与肥胖发生相关的潜在微生物；微生物功能预测分析发现，两组之间微生物功能无显著性差异，均主要富集在氨基酸的生物合成、淀粉与蔗糖的代谢、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢以及糖酵解和糖异生等方面。本研究发现，高脂高糖饮食降低了肠道微生物的多样性，使微生物结构发生了改变，存在一定菌群失调的现象，发现了与肥胖发展密切相关的潜在微生物。

关键词: 小型猪, 肥胖, 高脂高糖饮食, 肠道微生物

Abstract: High-energy diet is one of the important causes of obesity, and intestinal microorganisms play an important role in it. The aim of this study is to explore the dynamic changes of intestinal microbial composition in the process of high-fat and high-sugar diet and screen the intestinal microorganisms which closely related to the development of obesity. In this study, Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were randomly divided into normal diet group (CN group) and high-fat and high-sugar diet group (HFD group) for 30 d of dietary intervention. Fecal samples were collected at 0, 7, 15 and 30 d after intervention, respectively. The effects of high-fat and high-sugar diet on intestinal microbial composition, structure and function of Guangxi Bama mini-pigs were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of intestinal microbiota in HFD group was generally lower than that of CN group, and high-fat and high-sugar diet changed the structure of intestinal microflora in mini-pigs. With the increase of intervention time of high-fat and high-sugar diet, the overall change trend of intestinal microbiota was observed. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes increased while Bacteroidetes decreased gradually in the pigs of HFD group. At the genus level, the abundance of Lactobacillus decreased gradually while the abundance of Ruminococcus increased continuously in the HFD group. Twelve bacterial genuses, including g__Lactobacillus, g__norank_f__p_251_o5 and g__unclassified_c__Bacilli, were significantly enriched in the CN group, while 8 genuses including g__Peptococcus, g__Collinsella and g__Senegalimassilia were significantly enriched in the HFD group, which might be potential microorganisms related to obesity. Microbial function prediction analysis found no significant difference in microbial function between the two groups, which were mainly enriched in amino acid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. This study indicated that the high-fat and high-sugar diet reduced the diversity of intestinal microorganisms, changed the microbial structure, resulting in a certain imbalance of gut microbiota, and some potential microorganisms which were closely related to development of obesity were found.

Key words: mini-pig, obesity, high-fat and high-sugar diet, intestinal microbiota

中图分类号:

田威龙, 司景磊, 刘笑笑, 綦文晶, 陈奎蓉, 程锋, 李月月, 吕冬玲, 梁靓, 高九昱, 奉玲丽, 莫家远, 兰干球, 梁晶. 高脂高糖饮食对小型猪肠道微生物的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(4): 1143-1153.

TIAN Weilong, SI Jinglei, LIU Xiaoxiao, QI Wenjing, CHEN Kuirong, CHENG Feng, LI Yueyue, Lü Dongling, LIANG Liang, GAO Jiuyu, FENG Lingli, MO Jiayuan, LAN Ganqiu, LIANG Jing. Effects of High-fat and High-sugar Diet on Intestinal Microbiota in Mini-pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(4): 1143-1153.

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