不同体重四川白鹅消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物的比较分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.03.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在比较分析不同体重四川白鹅消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物的差异。随机选取400只70日龄四川白鹅的体重数据进行正态分布分析，筛选出高体重(HW)、低体重(LW)鹅各24只，然后测定免疫和消化相关指标，并利用16S rRNA测序技术检测肠道微生物。结果显示：HW组平均日增重显著高于LW组(P<0.05)，而初始体重无差异(P>0.05)；HW组淀粉酶活性、肌胃、腺胃、回肠指数、十二指肠和空肠黏膜厚度、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、绒隐比均显著高于LW组(P<0.05)，但回肠隐窝深度显著低于LW组(P<0.05)；HW组IgA、IgM、IgG、溶菌酶含量及胸腺、法氏囊指数显著高于LW组(P<0.05)； HW和LW组肠道微生物α多样性无显著差异(P>0.05)，而β多样性组间差异显著(R2=0.25, P=0.02)；门水平上，主要由Bacteroidetes(HW：43.50%；LW：53.69%)和Firmicutes(HW：39.24%；LW：26.47%)组成；属水平上，相对丰度占比1%以上的共有菌有Bacteroides、Desulfovibrio、Oscillibacter等7种；共有25种(HW：18，LW：7)优势细菌标志物在HW和LW组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)，其中HW组的优势菌为Fusobacteriales、Clostridiales、Acholeplasmatales，而LW组的优势菌为Bacteroidales。结果提示：四川白鹅体重与其消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物密切相关，良好的消化和免疫功能能够提高营养物质的消化吸收和抵抗疾病的能力，有益菌丰度的升高促进体重的增加。

关键词: 体重, 四川白鹅, 消化生理, 免疫, 肠道微生物

Abstract: The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the differences in digestive physiology, immunity and gut microbiota in Sichuan white goose with different body weight. Normal distribution analysis was performed on the body weight of 400 Sichuan white geese at 70-day-old, and 24 high weight (HW) and 24 low weight (LW) geese were selected. The immune and digestive indexes were determined, and the gut microbiota was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of HW group was significantly higher than that of LW group (P<0.05), while there was no difference in initial body weight (P>0.05). The amylase activity, organ indexes of muscle stomach, glandular stomach and ileal, mucosal thickness of duodenum and jejunum, villus height and villus height/crypt depth of jejunum and ileum were significantly higher in HW group than those of the LW group (P<0.05), but crypt depth of ileum was significantly lower than that of LW group(P<0.05). The IgA, IgM, IgG, lysozyme content, organ indexes of thymus and bursa were significantly higher in HW group than those of the LW group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gut microbial α-diversity between HW and LW groups (P>0.05), while β-diversity differed significantly between the two groups (R²=0.25, P=0.02). At the phylum level, it was mainly composed of Bacteroidetes (HW: 43.50%; LW: 53.69%) and Firmicutes (HW: 39.24%; LW: 26.47%). At the genus level, seven kinds of common bacteria, including Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio and Oscillibacter etc., respectively accounted for more than 1% of the relative abundance. A total of 25 (HW: 18, LW: 7) dominant bacterial markers were significantly different between the HW and LW groups (P<0.05). The dominant bacteria in the HW group were Fusobacteriales, Clostridiales and Acholeplasmatales, while the dominant bacteria in the LW group were Bacteroidales. The results suggested that the body weight of Sichuan white geese was closely related to its digestion, immune performance and gut microbiota. Good digestion and immune function can improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients and the ability to resist diseases, as well as elevated abundance of beneficial bacteria to promote weight gain.

Key words: body weight, Sichuan white goose, digestive physiology, immunity, gut microbiota

中图分类号:

S835.1

袁岩聪, 何航, 刘安芳, 万堃, 章杰. 不同体重四川白鹅消化生理、免疫和肠道微生物的比较分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(3): 1124-1134.

YUAN Yancong, HE Hang, LIU Anfang, WAN Kun, ZHANG Jie. Comparative Analysis of Digestive Physiology, Immunity and Gut Microbiota of Sichuan White Goose with Different Body Weight[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1124-1134.

参考文献 52

[1]	GALIOT L,LACHANCE I,LAFOREST J P,et al.Modelling piglet growth and mortality on commercial hog farms using variables describing individual animals,litters,sows and management factors[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2018,188:57-65.
[2]	LATORRE M A,LÁZARO R,VALENCIA D G,et al.The effects of gender and slaughter weight on the growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality characteristics of heavy pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2004,82(2):526-533.
[3]	LATORRE M A,GARCÍA-BELENGUER E,ARIÑO L.The effects of sex and slaughter weight on growth performance and carcass traits of pigs intended for dry-cured ham from Teruel (Spain)[J].J Anim Sci,2008,86(8):1933-1942.
[4]	CHOI Y M,OH H K.Carcass performance,muscle fiber,meat quality,and sensory quality characteristics of crossbred pigs with different live weights[J].Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour,2016,36(3):389-396.
[5]	KIANI A,FALLAH R.Effects of live weight at slaughter on fatty acid composition of Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris muscles of indigenous Lori goat[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2016,48(1):67-73.
[6]	ATTI N,MAHOUACHI M.The effects of diet,slaughter weight and docking on growth,carcass composition and meat quality of fat-tailed Barbarine lambs.A review[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2011,43(7):1371-1378.
[7]	RODRÍGUEZ-DE LARA R,FALLAS-LÓPEZ M,GARCíA-MUNIZ J G,et al.Sexual behavior and seminal characteristics of fertile mature New Zealand White male rabbits of different body weights[J].Anim Reprod Sci,2015,152:90-98.
[8]	SARDER M J U.Effects of age,body weight,body condition and scrotal circumference on sperm abnormalities of bulls used for artificial insemination (AI) programme in Bangladesh[J].Univ J Zool Rajshah,2008,27:73-78.
[9]	ELLIS M,WEBB A J,AVERY P J,et al.The influence of terminal sire genotype,sex,slaughter weight,feeding regime and slaughter-house on growth performance and carcass and meat quality in pigs and on the organoleptic properties of fresh pork[J].Anim Sci,1996,62(3):521-530.
[10]	BA H V,SEO H W,SEONG P N,et al.Live weights at slaughter significantly affect the meat quality and flavor components of pork meat[J].Anim Sci J,2019,90(5):667-679.
[11]	KUL E, ŞAHIN A,AKSOY Y,et al.The effects of slaughter weight on chemical composition,physical properties,and fatty acid profile of musculus longissimus dorsi in Holstein bulls[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2020,52(1):159-165.
[12]	CHEN Y,WEN C,ZHUANG S,et al.The effects of different hatching weights on the early growth and development of broilers,comparative study on immune function and antioxidant function[J].J Poult Sci,2015,52(2):137-144.
[13]	PÉREZ-BONILLA A,NOVOA S,GARCÍA J,et al.Effects of energy concentration of the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens differing in initial body weight[J].Poult Sci,2012,91(12):3156-3166.
[14]	BRATTE L,AMATA I A,OMEJE S I,et al.The effects of partial replacement of dietary Maize with seeds of the African pear (Dacryode edulis G.Don,H.J. Lam) on semen characteristics of broiler breeder cocks[J].Asian J Anim Sci,2011,5(1):71-79.
[15]	侯水生,刘灵芝.2020年水禽产业现状、未来发展趋势与建议[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(3):235-239.HOU S S,LIU L Z.Status,future development trends and suggestions of waterfowl industry in 2020[J].China Animal Husbandry Journal,2021,57(3):235-239.(in Chinese)
[16]	国家畜禽遗传资源委员会.中国畜禽遗传资源志-家禽志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Committee.Animal genetic resources in China[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[17]	LAMOT D M,SAPKOTA D,WIJTTEN P J A,et al.Diet density during the first week of life:Effects on growth performance,digestive organ weight,and nutrient digestion of broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2019,98(2):789-795.
[18]	RODRIGUES I,CHOCT M.The foregut and its manipulation via feeding practices in the chicken[J].Poult Sci,2018,97(9):3188-3206.
[19]	章杰,熊子标,李龙娇,等.不同体重鹅肝脏转录组的功能分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2020,51(5):987-996.ZHANG J,XIONG Z B,LI L J,et al.Functional analysis of liver transcriptomes of goose with different body weight[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2020,51,(5):987-996.(in Chinese)
[20]	何余湧,陆伟,胡善辉,等.不同体重对哺乳仔猪消化道发育及断奶后生产性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(6):630-635.HE Y Y,LU W,HU S H,et al.Effects of different body weight on the development of digestive tract and the postweaning performance of suckling piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2008,20(6):630-635.(in Chinese)
[21]	RAMÍREZ-OTÁROLA N,SABAT P.Are levels of digestive enzyme activity related to the natural diet in passerine birds?[J].Biol Res,2011,44(1):81-88.
[22]	DENBOW D M.Gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology[M]//SCANES C G.Sturkie's Avian Physiology.6th ed.Amsterdam:Academic Press,2015.
[23]	CORRING T.The adaptation of digestive enzymes to the diet:its physiological significance[J].Reprod Nutr Dev,1980,20(4B):1217-1235.
[24]	马雪连,王金泉,张晓红,等.同日龄不同体重羔羊十二指肠形态功能的比较研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(8):2091-2097.MA X L,WANG J Q,ZHANG X H,et al.Study on the morphology and fuction of the duodenum in lambs with same weaning age but different body weight[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2015,42(8):2091-2097.(in Chinese)
[25]	HEYDARIAN M,EBRAHIMNEZHAD Y,MEIMANDIPOUR A,et al.Effects of dietary inclusion of the encapsulated thyme and oregano essential oils mixture and probiotic on growth performance,immune response and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci J,2020,8(1):17-25.
[26]	丁鹏,丁亚南,曾青华,等.发酵饲料桑粉对宁乡花猪抗氧化性能和肠道功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(9):4303-4313.DING P,DING Y N,ZENG Q H et al.Effects of fermented forage mulberry powder on antioxidant performance and intestinal function of Ningxiang pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(9):4303-4313.(in Chinese)
[27]	WEISS L.Cell and tissue biology[M].Baltimore:Urban&Schwarzenberg,1988.
[28]	MONTAGNE L,PLUSKE J R,HAMPSON D J.A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa,and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals[J].Anim Feed Sci Tech,2003,108(1-4):95-117.
[29]	韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M],北京:中国农业出版社,1991.HAN Z K.Livestock nutritional physiology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1991.(in Chinese)
[30]	刘起胜,刘怀,彭微,等.菌群失调腹泻抗生素造模对小鼠肠黏膜的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2015,27(5):501-504.LIU Q S,LIU H,PENG W,et al.The influence of antibiotic modeling on intestinal mucosa in dysbacteriotic diarrhea mice[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2015,27(5):501-504.(in Chinese)
[31]	CHENG Y F,CHEN Y P,LI J,et al.Dietary β-sitosterol regulates serum lipid level and improves immune function,antioxidant status,and intestinal morphology in broilers[J].Poult Sci,2020,99(3):1400-1408.
[32]	HÄRTLE S,MAGOR K E,GÖBEL T W,et al.Structure and evolution of avian immunoglobulins[M]//SCHAT K A,KASPERS B,KAISER P.Avian Immunology.Amsterdam:Academic Press,2022:101-119.
[33]	GEYRA A,UNI Z,SKLAN D.Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick[J].Poult Sci,2001,80(6):776-782.
[34]	EHRENSTEIN M R,NOTLEY C A.The importance of natural IgM:Scavenger,protector and regulator[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2010,10(11):778-786.
[35]	PENG P,GAO Y P,ZHOU Q F,et al.Development of an indirect ELISA for detecting swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus IgG antibodies based on a recombinant spike protein[J].Transbound Emerg Dis,2022,69(4):2065-2075.
[36]	RAGLAND S A,CRISS A K.From bacterial killing to immune modulation:recent insights into the functions of lysozyme[J].PLoS Pathog,2017,13(9):e1006512.
[37]	钟翔.Hsp70介导IUGR仔猪早期免疫功能损伤的机理及谷氨酰胺的营养调控研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.ZHONG X.Study on the mechanisms of immune deficiency mediated by Hsp70in neonatal IUGR piglet and nutrional regulation of glutamine[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[38]	从光雷,王强,肖蕴祺,等.饲粮添加橡椀单宁对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化功能和肠道发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(12):5948-5957.CONG G L,WANG Q,XIAO Y Q,et al.Effects of dietary Quercus acutissima carruth tannin on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,antioxidant function and intestinal development of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(12):5948-5957.(in Chinese)
[39]	CROMI A,GHEZZI F,RAFFAELLI R,et al.Ultrasonographic measurement of thymus size in IUGR fetuses:A marker of the fetal immunoendocrine response to malnutrition[J].Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,2009,33(4):421-426.
[40]	CONTRERAS Y M,YU X,HALE M A,et al.Intrauterine growth restriction alters T-lymphocyte cell number and dual specificity phosphatase 1 levels in the thymus of newborn and juvenile rats[J].Pediatr Res,2011,70(2):123-129.
[41]	DONG L,ZHONG X,AHMAD H,et al.Intrauterine growth restriction impairs small intestinal mucosal immunity in neonatal piglets[J].J Histochem Cytochem,2014,62(7):510-518.
[42]	STANLEY D,HUGHES R J,MOORE R J.Microbiota of the chicken gastrointestinal tract:Influence on health,productivity and disease[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2014,98(10):4301-4310.
[43]	TOROK V A,OPHEL-KELLER K,LOO M,et al.Application of methods for identifying broiler chicken gut bacterial species linked with increased energy metabolism[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2008,74(3):783-791.
[44]	REESE A T,DUNN R R.Drivers of microbiome biodiversity:A review of general rules,feces,and ignorance[J].mBio,2018,9(4):e01294-18.
[45]	NYHOLM S V,MCFALL-NGAI M J.The winnowing:Establishing the squid-vibrio symbiosis[J].Nat Rev Microbiol,2004,2(8):632-642.
[46]	HAN G G,KIM E B,LEE J,et al.Relationship between the microbiota in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract,and the body weight of broiler chickens[J].Springerplus,2016,5(1):911.
[47]	OH J K,CHAE J P,PAJARILLO E A B,et al.Association between the body weight of growing pigs and the functional capacity of their gut microbiota[J].Anim Sci J,2020,91(1):e13418.
[48]	HOU Q C,KWOK L Y,ZHENG Y,et al.Differential fecal microbiota are retained in broiler chicken lines divergently selected for fatness traits[J].Sci Rep,2016,6:37376.
[49]	TURNBAUGH P J,LEY R E,MAHOWALD M A,et al.An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest[J].Nature,2006,444(7122):1027-1031.
[50]	XIANG H,GAN J K,ZENG D S,et al.Specific microbial taxa and functional capacity contribute to chicken abdominal fat deposition[J].Front Microbiol,2021,12:643025.
[51]	MARTIN-GALLAUSIAUX C,MARINELLI L,BLOTTIōRE H M,et al.SCFA:Mechanisms and functional importance in the gut[J].Proc Nutr Soc,2021,80(1):37-49.
[52]	VANGAVETI V,SHASHIDHAR V,JARROD G,et al.Free fatty acid receptors:emerging targets for treatment of diabetes and its complications[J].Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab,2010,1(4):165-175.