载锌蒙脱石对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能及肠道组织形态的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在研究载锌蒙脱石（zinc-montmorillonite，Zn-MMT）对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能及肠道形态的影响。选择1日龄健康科宝公雏288只，按体重随机分成6个处理组，每处理6个重复，每个重复8只仔鸡。对照组（CK）饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮，正对照组饲喂基础日粮添加40 mg·kg^-1 ZnSO₄，试验组分别在基础日粮中添加20、40、60和80 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT（均以Zn含量计算），自由采食饮水，试验42 d，采集肠道和脾组织，并测定脾IL-2、TNF-α、IgG、IgA基因表达及肠道绒毛高度与隐窝深度。结果表明：1）与CK和ZnSO₄组相比，Zn-MMT对肉鸡平均日采食量（average daily feed intake，ADFI）无显著影响（P>0.05），但80 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT显著降低了1~21、22~42及1~42日龄的仔鸡平均日增重（average daily gain，ADG）（P<0.05），且40 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT显著降低1~42日龄的料重比（feed to gain ratio，F/G）（P<0.05）。2）相比CK组，添加ZnSO₄和60 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT显著提高21日龄法氏囊指数（P<0.05），且60 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT提高42日龄法氏囊指数（P<0.05）。同时，ZnSO₄、20和40 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT显著提高42日龄脾IgG的表达（P<0.05）。同时，ZnSO₄组显著提高脾IgA的表达（P<0.05）。相比CK和ZnSO₄组，20 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT显著提高脾TNF-α表达，添加40、60和80 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT显著提高脾IL-2的表达（P<0.05）。3）与CK相比，Zn-MMT对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）相比CK与ZnSO₄组，添加40 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT可以显著提高十二指肠、空肠的绒毛高度（villus height，VH）和绒毛高/隐窝深（villi height to crypt depth ratio，V/C）（P<0.05），且显著降低十二指肠的隐窝深度（crypt depth，CD）（P<0.05），但对回肠的CD无显著影响（P>0.05）。同时，相比CK组，40 mg·kg^-1的Zn-MMT显著提高回肠的VH和V/C（P<0.05），但与ZnSO₄组无显著差异（P>0.05）。添加ZnSO₄对肉仔鸡十二指肠和空肠的VH、CD、V/C及回肠的VH、CD均无显著影响（P>0.05），但能显著提高回肠的V/C（P<0.05）。结果显示，日粮添加Zn-MMT显著提高饲料转化率、增强机体免疫力，促进肠道绒毛的发育。

关键词: 载锌蒙脱石, 肉鸡, 生长性能, 肠道发育, 免疫功能

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc-montmorillonite (Zn-MMT)on the production performance, slaughter performance, immunologic function and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 288 1-day-old male Cob broiler were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 8 birds per replicate. The birds were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet or one of the four Zn-MMT diets or 40 mg·kg^-1 ZnSO₄ diets, which were the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, 60，80 mg·kg^-1Zn-MMT(zinc content measurement). The broilers were provided the diets in ad libitum basis.Intestinal tract and spleen were collected on 42 days, and the expression of IL-2, TNF-α, IgG, IgA genes, intestinal villus height and crypts depth were measured. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with CK group and ZnSO₄ group, Zn-MMT had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broiler chickens (P>0.05).However, 80 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly reduced the average daily gain (ADG) of chicks aged 1-21, 22-42 and 1-42 days (P<0.05), and 40 mg·kg^-1Zn-MMT significantly reduced the feed to gain ratio (F/G) of chicks aged 1-42 days (P<0.05).2) Compared with CK group, ZnSO₄ and 60 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly increased the bursa index at 21 days of age (P<0.05), and 60 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly increased the bursa index at 42 days of age (P<0.05). At the same time, ZnSO₄, 20 and 40 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly increased the expression level of IgG in spleen at 42 days old (P<0.05). Meanwhile, ZnSO₄ group significantly increased the expression level of IgA in the spleen (P<0.05).Compared with CK group and ZnSO₄ group, 20 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly improved TNF-α gene expression in spleen. The expression of IL-2 in spleen was significantly increased in 40, 60 and 80 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT groups (P<0.05).3) compared with CK, Zn-MMT had no significant effect on the slaughter performance of broilers (P>0.05).4) Compared with CK and ZnSO₄ groups, 40 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly increased villus height(VH) and villi height to crypt depth ratio(V/C) of the duodenum and jejunum (P<0.05), and significantly reduced the crypt depth (CD)of the duodenum (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on the ileal CD of ileal (P>0.05). Meanwhile，compared with CK group, 40 mg·kg^-1 Zn-MMT significantly increased the ileal VH and V/C (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with ZnSO₄ group (P>0.05). At the same time，ZnSO₄ had no significant effect on VH ,V/C and CD of duodenum, jejunum, VH and CD of ileum of broilers (P>0.05), but could significantly improve the V/C of ileum (P<0.05). It is concluded that dietary supplementation with Zn-MMT can significantly improve feed conversion rate, enhance body immunity, and promote the development of intestinal villi.

Key words: zinc-montmorillonite, broiler, growth performance, intestinal development, immunologic function

中图分类号:

S831.4

王海波, 周永明, 王静, 张瑞, 康鹏, 马晓东, 裴文刚, 杨敏敏, 史兆国, 秦士贞. 载锌蒙脱石对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能及肠道组织形态的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(4): 1020-1030.

WANG Haibo, ZHOU Yongming, WANG Jing, ZHANG Rui, KANG Peng, MA Xiaodong, PEI Wengang, YANG Minmin, SHI Zhaoguo, QIN Shizhen. Effects of Zinc-Montmorillonite on Production Performance, Immunologic Function and Intestinal Tissue Morphology of Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(4): 1020-1030.

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