饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对冬毛生长期雄性水貂生产性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标和脏器指数的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2020.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探讨饲粮代谢能（metabolic energy，ME）和粗蛋白质（crude protein，CP）水平对雄性水貂生产性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标及脏器指数的影响。选取180只（145±5）日龄、体重相近[（1 765±26）g]的健康雄性水貂，随机分为6组，每组30个重复，每个重复1只。试验采用2×3双因素设计，CP水平为30.45%和34.58%，ME水平为13.11、14.94、16.76 MJ·kg^-1，饲养试验于2018年9月29日至2018年12月10日完成。结果表明：1）175~213日龄阶段，34.58% CP组水貂体重极显著高于30.45% CP组（P<0.01），且低ME水平13.11 MJ·kg^-1组水貂体重极显著低于其它ME组（P<0.01）；175~190及213日龄阶段，A组（CP 30.08%、ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1）水貂体重极显著低于其余各组（P<0.01），205日龄时，E组（CP 34.86%、ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1）水貂体重较高；2）34.58% CP组水貂鲜皮长和鲜皮重极显著大于30.45% CP组（P<0.01），14.94 MJ·kg^-1 ME组水貂的鲜皮长显著大于其他ME组（P<0.05）；但16.76 MJ·kg^-1 ME组的鲜皮重极显著大于13.11 MJ·kg^-1组（P<0.01）；E组（CP 34.86%、ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1）水貂的鲜皮长、鲜皮重极显著大于A组（CP 30.08%、ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1）、B组（CP 30.46%、ME 14.80 MJ·kg^-1）两组（P<0.01）。3）34.58% CP组水貂脂肪消化率极显著大于30.45% CP组（P<0.01）；且饲粮ME水平为13.11 MJ·kg^-1时，水貂的脂肪消化率极显著低于其它ME组（P<0.01）；A组（CP 30.08%、ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1）、D组（CP 34.17%、ME 13.19 MJ·kg^-1）水貂的脂肪消化率极显著低于其它各组（P<0.01）。4）30.45% CP组水貂血清LDL极显著高于34.58% CP组（P<0.01），但血清HDL极显著低于34.58% CP组（P<0.01）；13.11 MJ·kg^-1 ME组水貂血清Alb、GLU、CHO、TG和HDL均极显著低于16.76 MJ·kg^-1 ME组（P<0.01）；C组（CP 30.80%、ME 16.99 MJ·kg^-1）、E组（CP 34.86%、ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1）、F组（CP 34.72%、ME 16.53 MJ·kg^-1）水貂血清Alb、GLU显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；E组（CP 34.86%、ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1）、F组（CP 34.72%、ME 16.53 MJ·kg^-1）水貂血清HDL极显著高于其他各组（P<0.01）。5）30.45% CP组水貂心脏、肝脏指数显著高于34.58% CP组（P<0.05）；13.11 MJ·kg^-1 ME组水貂心脏指数显著高于其它各组（P<0.05）；A组（CP 30.08%、ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1）水貂的心脏、肝脏指数显著高于E组（CP 34.86%、ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1）（P<0.05）。综上所述，当饲粮CP水平为34.86%，ME水平为15.08 MJ·kg^-1时，水貂可获得较好的生长性能、毛皮品质和较高的营养物质消化率。

关键词: 代谢能, 粗蛋白质, 冬毛生长期, 水貂, 生产性能, 营养物质消化率, 血清生化指标, 脏器指数

Abstract: The experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolic energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels on production performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameter, and organ indexes in furring male mink. One hundred eighty healthy male mink of (145±5) d were randomly divided into 6 groups with 30 replicates, one mink for each replicate. We adopted a completely randomized 2×3 factorial experiment, and the mink were fed 6 experimental diets with two CP levels (30.45% and 34.58%) and three ME levels (13.11, 14.94 and 16.76 MJ·kg^-1), the feeding experiment was completed from September 29, 2018 to December 10, 2018. The results showed that:1) During 175 to 213 days old, the body weight (BW) of the mink in the 34.58% CP group was significantly higher than those in the 30.45% CP group (P<0.01), and the BW of the mink in the 13.11 MJ·kg^-1 ME group was significantly lower than those in the other ME groups (P<0.01). At the age of 175-190 and 213 days, the BW of the mink in A (CP 30.08%, ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1) group was significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.01). At 205 day, the maximum value of BW of mink was observed in E (CP 34.86%, ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1) group. 2) The fresh skin length and weight of mink in 34.58% CP group were significantly greater than those in the 30.45% CP group (P<0.01), and the fresh skin length of mink in 14.94 MJ·kg^-1 ME group was significantly greater than those in other ME groups (P<0.05).However, the fresh skin weight of mink in the 16.76 MJ·kg^-1 ME group was significantly greater than those in 13.11 MJ·kg^-1 group (P<0.01). The fresh skin length and weight of mink in E (CP 34.86%, ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1) group was significantly higher than those in A (CP 30.08%, ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1) and B (CP 30.46%, ME 14.80 MJ·kg^-1) groups (P<0.01). 3) The fat digestibility of mink in the 34.58% CP group was significantly higher than those in the 30.45% CP group (P<0.01). The fat digestibility of mink in the 13.11 MJ·kg^-1 group was significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.01).The fat digestibility of mink in the group A (CP 30.08%, ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1) and D (CP 34.17%, ME 13.19 MJ·kg^-1) was significantly lower than those in other groups (P<0.01). 4) The content of serum LDL in 30.45% CP group was significantly higher than those in 34.58% CP group (P<0.01), but the HDL concentration in serum was significantly lower than that in 34.58% CP group (P<0.01).The concentration of serum Alb, GLU, CHO, TG and HDL of mink in the 13.11 MJ·kg^-1 ME group were significantly lower than 16.76 MJ·kg^-1 ME group (P<0.01). The concentrations of serum Alb, GLU of mink in the group C (CP 30.80%, ME 16.99 MJ·kg^-1), E (CP 34.86%, ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1), and F (CP 34.72%, ME 16.53 MJ·kg^-1) were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). The concentration of serum HDL of mink in group E (CP 34.86%, ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1) and F (CP 34.72%,ME 16.53 MJ·kg^-1) was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.01). 5) The heart and liver indexes of mink in 30.45% CP group were significantly higher than those in 34.58% CP group (P<0.05).The heart index of mink in the 13.11 MJ·kg^-1ME group was significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05).The heart and liver indexes of mink in group A (CP 30.08%, ME 13.03 MJ·kg^-1) were significantly higher than those in group E (CP 34.86%, ME 15.08 MJ·kg^-1) (P<0.05). In conclusion, when the dietary CP level was 34.86% and the ME level was 15.08 MJ·kg^-1, mink could obtain better growth performance and fur quality, higher digestibility of nutrients.

Key words: metabolic energy, crude protein, winter fur-growing period, mink, production performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry character, organ index

中图分类号:

S865.220.5

韩菲菲, 钟伟, 张新宇, 蔡煕姮, 穆琳琳, 陈双双, 李光玉. 饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对冬毛生长期雄性水貂生产性能、营养物质消化率、血清生化指标和脏器指数的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2020, 51(12): 3087-3100.

HAN Feifei, ZHONG Wei, ZHANG Xinyu, CAI Xiheng, MU Linlin, CHEN Shuangshuang, LI Guangyu. Effects of Dietary Metabolic Energy and Crude Protein Levels on Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Organ Index of Male Mink During Winter Fur-growing Period[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(12): 3087-3100.

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